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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rnr Model

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A therapist ONLY addressing an offender 's mental illness may be problematic because offenders have criminogenic needs that need to be treated in order to reduce criminal behavior. The Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model of corrections and rehabilitation was designed by Andrews, Honta, and Hoge in 1990. This model has demonstrated the strongest research-support on its ability to explain and treat criminal behavior. Andrews and Bonta have shown that in order to produce a successful rehabilitation program, the program must "respect the individual, have a psychological theory basis, and should work in junction with the enhancement of preventative services". This model reveals the importance of going beyond ONLY addressing an offender 's mental illness and providing treatment relevant to …show more content…

The responsivity principle states that clinicians should tailor treatment delivery that will produce the most effective outcomes depending on unique needs of the client. It is important that the therapist considers each offender individually and adequately assesses their cultural, mental, and physical needs. There are several advantages (pros) and a couple disadvantages (cons) to the therapeutic approach of the RNR model. The pros of this model are that treatment intensity is matched with individual risk level, dynamic issues that are directly linked with crime, and that specific treatment is tailored to individual offenders. By matching treatment intensity to risk level, offenders receive treatment that will be most effective in meeting their therapy needs. Giving an offender the wrong intensity of treatment for their risk level, such as high intensity treatment to a low-risk individual, can have negative effects since a low-risk offender may already have protective factors in place. Another pro of the RNR model is that it has the advantage of targeting dynamic issues that are directly linked with a crime; This allows treatment to adhere to problems that may decrease future

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Offenders don’t realize the reality when reentering society because they aren’t giving the necessaries resources. The reality is how the criminal justice system have label them. When an offender is release from prison their life is over due to the way the criminal justice have develop. Many would concur that there is a problem with strength based. As clearly demonstrated there will always be pros and cons towards an issue.

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Risk/need/ responsivity and criminogenic needs is a model developed to create intervention programs for offenders. The risk level is based on the risk factors that contribute to an offender who can possibly re-offend. For high risk offenders an intensive intervention treatment would be put in place to lower the risk or to completely eliminate the risk altogether. Low risk offenders in most case will not get any treatment because the risk level to re-offend is very low, but resource will always be available if needed per request. In Sally’s’ case; her criminogenic needs would be to first address the fact that her boyfriend is an abuser that is struggling financially with her and often encourages her to drink, she has no family or community

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The kinds of Treatment received should target factors that are associated with criminal behavior. A mixture of attitudes and beliefs that support a criminal lifestyle and criminal behavior is “criminal thinking”. Treatments that are able to provide some cognitive skills training can help individuals recognize errors in judgment that

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Even after release, the counterproductive, deeply internalized patterns learned in prison are still present (Haney, 2002). In addition, the rate of incarceration of mentally ill individuals is alarming. Suspects will mental and developmental disorders are often unfairly sent to prison without regard to their conditions, leaving them helpless. Mentally ill inmates have an even more difficult time adjusting to life in prison, leaving them at an even higher risk for psychological

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It is believed that letting a criminal free from incarceration puts society at risk. Before the reform recidivism rates were high, scaring the public with the idea that criminals can reenter society. When comparing individuals who were sentenced to prison to those in diversion programs, those in diversion programs were more likely to stay out of jail while those who went to jail were more likely to have re-arrests. It was reported that 64% of the treatment sample were arrest-free over a two-year follow up period. Those in the diversion program had recidivism rates as low as 36%; this compares to the group who were given jail time with a recidivism rate of 54% (Parsons, Wei, Henrichson, Drucker, & Trone, 2015).

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Deterrence is done to show and minimize delinquent behavior; showing them the consequences is more powerful then the benefits of committing a crime. Lastly. Rehabilitation seeks to help and change the factors that may allow an offender to join in crimes (Hess, K., Orthmann, C., & Wright, J. 2013). The chapter then talked about probation.

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Thus, in order to deal with the enormous influx of mentally ill inmates, criminal justice policymakers and correctional facilities are beginning to shift their focus in priorities and policies to innovative, targeted solutions designed to immediately respond to the present concerns, and address both of the needs that appear on the “front-end” at the point of contact, as well as on the “back-end” with treatment and re-entry reforms. The following are examples of some of these reforms: I. Specialized Training and

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Fielding et al. (2002) reported that the higher the client’s risk level (based on previous crimes), the more likely that he or she would recidivate, time to new arrest was shorter, and time to new drug arrest was shorter. Again, this study is limited in size and generalizability. Just as important, the authors found that it was cheaper for a client to go through the program than be incarcerated in prison or placed in residential treatment. This analysis is only valid when comparing the cost of incarcerating a client in prison and the costs for a client to participate in the program.

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In accordance to the National Comorbidity Study negative risk factors that aide towards mental illness are low income, little education, and no occupation. Given these risks an individual is almost three times more likely to have a psychiatric disorder. Socioeconomic status regarding race, gender all play a prominent role. There are disparities that exist for released mental health inmates especially for minorities, they experience a great disadvantage of finding employment due to a criminal record and mental health status. To add mental health former inmates strive to survive however, given two weeks of medication, faced with poverty, and no other available resources as a consequence re-enter the prison system.

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Consequently there are only six juvenile prisons remaining for serious juvenile offenders, and there are currently 1,600 juveniles in state facilities in comparison to the federal facilities costing on an average of $250,000 per juvenile offender (Kelly, 2012). Therefore, In the effort to address as well as resolve the problems with both adult and juvenile prison overcrowding, bother programmers as well as researchers believed that correctional facilities obtained the abilities in identifying high risk offenders and allocating appropriate rehabilitative services in accordance to their criminal needs while assessing their potential for recidivism, at which point the Risk-need responsivity (RNR) model was implemented in 1990 as a means of identifying high risk offenders in need of rehabilitative

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Andrews and Bonta (1994) have given a list of factors that may increase recidivism rates. Firstly, offenders may lack the skills required for holding a job and therefore have to resort to crime to support themselves. Secondly, many of them are school dropouts. They therefore lack the social skills that are learnt in schools such as conflict resolution, empathy, and team building. Thirdly, they often belong to dysfunctional families where they do not get much

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According to Andrews and Bonta , (2010) PIC-R can be summarized into 13 principles. First, is that all behaviors regardless of the behavior being criminal or non-criminal are under control before and after the deviant act (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Secondly, PIC-R states that interrelated and intra-related variations of an individuals propensity to commit criminal or non criminal behavior are is due to variations in the individuals perceived cost vs. reward analysis of the specific behavior (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Additionally, the third principle is that controlling variables interact with the individual through dealings if the individuals environment (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Furthermore, actions and consequences have two types, additive which Andrews and Bonta , (2010) describe as events that introduce stimuli, or subtractive which are described as withdrawing stimuli.

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The theory views the offender as either a patient or a victim or both. According to this theory a person who has committed an offense is not morally responsible for the offense he or she has committed because the offense might be the product of an illness in which treatment is required; this type of person is regarded as a patient. When the offense is the product of a dysfunctional social environment the person is regarded as the victim. The advantage of this approach is that it focuses on the offenders, instead of punishing the offenders this approach focuses on repairing and treating the dysfunctional areas that the offenders are experiencing by means of behavioral therapy and other therapeutic programmes.

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