Agriculture Chapter 11 Summary
Recommended: Conclusion on impact of urbanization in health
TASK 2 Infectious diseases are the invasion of host organisms, (microbes) which can be invisible to the eyes. The microbes are also known as pathogens. A microbe infects an organism (which is known as the host of the microbe). In a human host, the microorganism causes a disease by either disrupting an important body process or by stimulating the immune system to mount a defensive reaction. The pathogen, interferes with the normal functioning of the host and can lead to chronic wounds, gangrene, loss of an infected limb, and even death.
The Columbian Exchange was the movement of people, animals, goods, plants, diseases, and microorganism that occurred in the sixteenth century. The effects of The Columbian Exchange on early American society were extensive. One of the most devastating effects was the spreading of disease that killed around ninety percent of the Native American population. When Europeans came to the New World they brought with them diseases such as, “smallpox, measles, typhus, and cholera”(document one). The native’s immune systems were not prepared to fight theses diseases and this lead to a catastrophic amount of fatalities.
Because of economic changes, farmers wanted the US government to to fix their problems through currency changes. After slavery was abolished with the Emancipation Proclamation and the government focused on rebuilding America’s infrastructure, prices for many crops began to drop. Across the nation, farmers began to lose money. In addition, this drop in prices only applied to crops, and not to the other services like shipping and transportation, which remained high. Farmers continued to lose profits until 1892, when a depression sent many farmers into deep debt.
Plagues and Peoples by William H. McNeil is a book about the interaction between humans and parasites. McNeill goes through history, starting before the dawn of civilization until shortly before the eradication of smallpox (the book was published in 1976). McNeil distinguishes between “microparasites” and “macroparasites”. Microparasites are tiny organisms (such as viruses and bacteria). Macroparasites are larger predators such as animals or, more usually, other humans and governments.
I do agree that it was all about location in the selection of ruler over those oppressed or over-run. So often we do not think of disease as a huge factor when it comes to who wins a war and who loses, but this book showed me that they were very effective, and powerful in destroying certain communities. Different armies would bring different disease with them from where they lived, spreading them to a new population. This method of warfare was far more effective than the guns were at times. Sometimes the guns would not work, or would be too hard to fire to protect oneself, but the germs knew no limits.
The Civil War had already ended when agriculture began to develop, bringing about changes across the country, particularly in the West. American agriculture began in rural regions that were urbanized, resulting in a surge of people in the fields and cities where employment and hard labor were supplied manually. It has grown significantly as a result of advanced economic and social changes towards its industrialization for expansion. It increased production among the families of farmers, who served through hard and difficult situations. Throughout the period of 1865-1900, American agriculture changed rural inhabited areas, expanding prospects for migration and urbanization, industrialization growth with advanced machinery, and evolved farming
The homes lacked stability or any regard for sanitation, which lead to disease and harm to the dwellers. Document 11 describes the industrial towns as, “[unpaved streets], full of holes, filthy and strewn with refuse” and Document 10 elaborates by stating, “that the annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation are greater than the loss from death or wounds in any wars”. The poor construction and sanitation stems from the need to quickly build the homes to quickly house the workers. Through urbanization, resulting from the Industrial Revolution, the towns became overpopulated at exhausting rates and only worsened the issues at hand. Had the industry not boomed so quickly, there would have been ample opportunity to ensure safe and clean living conditions, which in turn would have resulted in less death and disease to the
The bacillus infects people through the bite of infected fleas and rats (“BLACK DEATH”). This was especially prominent in urban and over populated areas (“Ecology and Transmission“). When Plagues strike people and animals alike die horrifically, in turn fleas need to find other sources of food. The people living in poor conditions often get forayed by flea bites, thus infecting them (“Ecology and Transmission“). It was seldom for the Black Death to be spread from person to person.
This infectious disease is an important evidence that demonstrate how Aztec people lost the ability to maintain the development cycle. Therefore, I believe the three evidences best describes the connection of food and economic
Discuss two reasons why the government wanted to reform agriculture. The government wanted to reform agriculture because they believed that the low prices caused hunger by discouraging production and creating scarcity. The government wanted to increase production by making it a more profitable crop to grow.
Novella Carpenter, author of Farm City: The Education of an Urban Farmer, is an activist who is a big part of the food movement and who has studied under Michael Pollen, author of Omnivores Dilemma. Originally from Seattle, she relocated to Oakland not only for its better climate for farming, but what she wanted most was to have the best of both worlds, to be able to go to bars and shows while being one with nature without feeling isolated. At the beginning she was a squatter, receiving permission from the landowner to start a local garden in the middle of the ‘ghettos’ where crime rates and poverty were a major issue. Carpenter saw an amazing opportunity to use the empty parking lot to produce something for the community and by starting with
What are the values and ethics that inform The Agriculture Act of 2014 that focus on the SNAP program? Considering that this policy addresses the adequacy of low-income individual and families meeting the standard needs that have been established for the country based on the adequacy and distributive justice. The policy also addresses the equity, which is the concerns of fairness in the distribution of resources. The U.S government values and ethics is to provide healthier, fair, and sustainability of resources to those in poverty. Adequacy can be defined as “a minimum standard of need is established and the provisions within a policy meet the need” said Cummins (pg. 217).
for crops had fallen dramatically and farmers across the United States were suffering to deal with the surplus of goods. According to SNAP to Health, this Surplus Relief Corp. became known as the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) of 1933. In order to formalized the distribution of goods and avoid duplicating efforts by local relief agencies, Henry Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, created the Food Stamp Program under the presidency of Roosevelt. The food stamp assistance program was made available to low-income individuals through the purchase of food stamps and the provision of additional bonus stamps that could be used to purchase specific foods identified as being surplus (SNAPtohealth.org). Individuals were required to buy food stamps
With an increase in the divide of economic equality during the Gilden Age, low-income individuals often lived in overcrowding housing, and “they were were served—if at all—by inadequate public water supplies and waste disposal”. These housing conditions were perfect for contagious diseases to spread and flourish. However, throughout the Progressive Era, germ theory rapidly improved as the United States became more aware of how germs and diseases spread through both people and contaminated objects. The average citizen, along with large corporations took precautions of sanitary methods “to insure cleanliness, fresh air, pure water, proper sanitary arrangements, etc,” along with detecting diseases early before they could spread. Sanitation for illnesses before the Progressive Era was often minimal causing the disease to rapidly spread.
The use of technology has increased expectational over the last decade. Organizations across the globe are using the advantages that the internet and social media sites present, to include terrorist groups. Social media allows individuals from all across the world to interact and stay connected at all times with the click of a mouse. Terrorist organizations have learned and adapted to this new technology with the increased popularity and the number of persons that use social media on a daily basis. Terrorists use these sites to surpass counterterrorism methods and keep in contact with their organization regardless of where they may be located.
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