Amide Is The Most Polar Of The Functional Groups
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b) Ether would be on of the most non-polar because the lack of any oxygen-hydrogen bond makes hydrogen bonding impossible. There is little intermolecular association Ethers are essentially non-polar and insoluble in water. Hydrocarbon is also one of the most non-polar since there is little intermolecular association because the carbon-hydrogen bond is non-polar. Hydrocarbon is non-polar and insoluble in water.
c) Two ether molecules will not make hydrogen bonds because both
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Dipole-Dipole Interactions:When partial positive and partial negative charges come together. 3. Hydrogen Bonding: The strongest Dipole-Dipole interaction that happens between hydrogen and oxygen, fluorine, … 4. Van der Waals of London Forces: When polar covalent molecules move around randomly and form a temporary
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There are two types of nucleophilic substitution: SN2 and SN1. The SN2 reaction mechanism is concerted meaning it involves only one step where the bonds of the leaving group and nucleophile are being formed and broken simultaneously1. The rate for this mechanism is dependent on both the concentration of the nucleophile and alkyl halide. The following figure displays the general mechanism for a SN2 reaction. The SN1 reaction mechanism is stepwise meaning that the leaving group departs first to create a carbocation intermediate, which later bonds with the nucleophile.
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Hydrogenation Student: Alex Burton CHEM 243a – Section 2 TA: Dmytro Bandak Date Preformed: June 22, 2015 Date Submitted: June 25, 2015 Question: 1. For the hydrogenation reaction, which phases of matter are present, and which reaction components are present in which phase? The purpose of the experiment is to turn methyl oleae, which is a monounsaturated fatty acid, into a solid saturated fat via catalytic hydrogenation by using hydrogen gas and the catalyst Pd/C. Pd/C is an insoluble in the solvent making it easy to filter out the catalyst. Hydrogenation take time using hydrogen gas unless there is a catalysis to speed up the process, by lowing the activation energy, which then in turn converts the unsaturated fatty acid, methyl oleate, into a saturated fatty acid, methyl stearate.
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This is beneficial for reactivity because the nitrogen in -NH2 in aniline is able to delocalize the positive charge of a carbocation by donating its electrons to the carbon during the transition state when aniline is brominated. The next strongest substituent would be -OH in phenol, followed by -OCH3 in anisole. This is because the three hydrogens on the carbon make the carbon slightly electronegative, slightly pulling away the electrons surrounding the oxygen directly attached to the benzene ring. The least reactive substituent would be -NHCOCH3 in acetanilide because the highly electronegative oxygen pulls away electrons from the nitrogen directly attached to the benzene ring, making the nitrogen less willing to stabilize the carbocation in the transition state in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Since all of the substituents are orth, para-directos, bromine in a bromination reaction would be substituted at either the 2 carbon, 4 carbon, 2 and 4 carbon, 2 and 6 carbon, or 2, 4, and 6 carbon.
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Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also
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Properties of Substances Express Lab 1)The purpose of this lab was to compare the physical properties of different types of solids and how the properties of solids are determined by their intermolecular forces and their intramolecular bonds. Then we were to classify each type of solid as either ionic, metallic, non-polar molecular, polar molecular, or network. Paraffin wax classified as a non-polar molecular, Silicon dioxide was classifies as a network, Sodium chloride was classified as ionic, Sucrose was classified as polar molecular and Tin was classified as metallic. (2)The intermolecular forces that are present in Paraffin wax are dispersion forces, because it is non-polar and carries a negative charge. Followed by Sucrose that has
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The higher the compounds go up the more polar the substance is. (1) On the TLC that was done in the practical 1 two lines had roughly the same distance of 2.55-2.6cm. The reaction material was higher of about 2.9cm and the final product was lower (1.9cm). This means that the reaction materials had a higher polarity than the other 3. The final product had the lowest polarity.
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is this decision based on sound rationale? Comment briefly. 1. The use ethanol and water in a solvent pair is perfect do due to ethanol having a high solubility while the water has low
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