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Strategic Rationality Of Game Theory

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Game Theory and the Prisoners’ Dilemma
Strategic Rationality
In this chapter, Daniel Little indicates that under circumstances of uncertainty and risks, decision-makers attempt to maximize utility through collecting information of the utility and analyzing the probability of each feasible choice. Finally the maximum expected payoff of outcomes is given to the decision-maker since all other decision makers also made the rational decisions. Also strategic rationality is embodied on interactive social behavior that these individual decision-makers make choices regard to predictions about the other decision-makers’ next move in performance, the choices that other agents made lead to the level of outcomes that individual decision-maker would receive. Generally speaking, individual choices are made from strategic interaction and under circumstances of uncertainty. …show more content…

According to Little, in a zero-sum game whatever one player’s gain is exactly equal to the loss of other players; the player share no interests in this competition which the sum of the two play’s payoffs is zero. By contrast, the sum of the two players’ payoffs for a given outcome in a non-zero-sum game may be positive or negative. Therefore, competition and cooperation are permitted involves in a positive-sum

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Ultimatum games have produced key evidence that people behave altruistic as they are supposed to do. The game looks at two players bargaining for a piece of share. Player 1 is the proposer and player 2, is the responder. Player 1 offers a division of the share. Player can either accept the proposal in which both the players split the amount accepted from the proposal, or reject the proposal in which they both receive nothing.

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Rational choice theory also stipulates that all complex social phenomena are driven by individual human actions. It focuses on the choice to engage in crime. We must keep in mind bounded rationality in order to understand Rationality is constrained by the limits of time and ability and the availability of relevant information (Cullen, 2014 pg 439). You can easily link Rational Choice theory to the film Scarface. In this film Tony Montana (Al Pacino) calculates the pleasure and benefits he can obtain if he becomes a cocaine distributer.

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In “No-Win Situations”, Alfie Kohn recounts his view on competitive games. He begins the essay with a simple personal example: musical chairs and explains how the winner is out to make everyone else fail in order to be the winner. He also says that competition undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships, and holds individuals back from doing their best. Kohn claims that recreation is at its best when the goal is not to make everyone else fail and win, but to team up and reach a certain goal together. He uses an example of research conducted by Terry Orlick, a sports psychologist at the University of Ottawa, in order to support his claim.

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In the scholarly journal “Brave New World: How Test-Optional Policies Could (And Should) Change College Admissions,” written by William C. Hiss and Valerie W. Franks, Hiss and Franks concluded that students who do not send test scores to institutions tend to perform just as well as student’s that send test scores. Hiss and Franks shares their research from a total of 37,000 students from public and private institutions that were accepted to college without sending any test scores. These students were then studied closely by their high school grade point average (GPA), cumulative college GPA, and standardized test scores. The end results explained that there was a very small difference between submitters and non-submitters. Standardized test

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As a result of this ruling, it promotes competition and reduces

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This ideal was wrong because without healthy competition and cooperation, the world will not be able to function. Without cooperation, the world would purely be a “dog eat dog” world, and there would only be a select few at the top and no one would be able to work their way to the

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The Most Dangerous Game Conflicts All stories have to have a conflict, the short story “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell has three important conflicts. Man against man, man against nature, man against himself are the three main conflicts that take place. For man against man Rainsford and General Zaroff are fighting each other in the hunting ‘game’. For man against nature Rainsford is fighting the sea once he hears the gunshots and is trying to get out of the water.

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Throughout generations, people have been hunting for food and population control, but in “The Most Dangerous Game” Rainsford thinks that hunting is a sport until he becomes the hunted. In the story, Rainsford met General Zaroff on the island; Rainsford thought he was a nice guy until he started hunting humans. Rainsford didn’t agree with him and refused to hunt, and he wanted to leave immediately, but Zaroff was started to hunt him. Rainsford uses his skills and knowledge to survive against General Zaroff. In “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell suggests to, trust yourself or you won’t succeed.

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Heavily critiqued but widely honored as one of today’s most captivating and literary intriguing books of the past century, Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 presents a story displaying one of the more forgotten aspects of WWII which is base life. Catch-22 is a book set during World War II where an American B-52 bombardier named Yossarian communicates his experiences and life at a U.S. Air Force base on a small island named Pianosa located west of Italy. Catch 22 is renowned by many who have enjoyed the book’s realism and use of satire, but some people mainly teachers believe the book to be to mature for students of the high school age. In some cases the book has been outright banned such as the case in Strongsville, Ohio where the school district banned the book from school libraries due to the use of profanity and racial slurs repeated often throughout the

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Last two decades, some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works, Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hunt and evolution of social structure (2004), are attempting to lay such explanations of justice by evolutionary game theory. The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the analytical framework and foundations of Skyrms’ idea. Accordingly, the paper, based on theoretical and analytical method, finds basic building blocks of Skyrms’ account of the social contract and then examines those foundations.

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there, they might discover the line is significantly longer than they expected. As such, if the person knew the line was long, they might have made a different choice. The goal of this example to demonstrate the connection between motivations, in this case hunger, personality, in this case, a preference to Popeye’s Chicken, and how they impacted the decision, in this case, going to Popeye’s for some chicken. In the case of Rousseau and Barends, I would note that the line at Popeye’s was extremely long, and if I knew this in advance, I would have chosen Churches Chicken.

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There are several conflicts in “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell; while person versus person is the most obvious, person versus self and person versus nature are also present. For example, the “jagged crags” upon which Rainsford lands scratch his hands until they are raw, and when Rainsford is trying to survive the hunt, nature once again acts as an obstacle. The muck is like “ a giant leech” and the insects “[bite] him savagely” through the dense vegetation. On the other hand, Rainsford faces an internal dilemma when he is talking to Zaroff about hunting humans for sport: while Rainsford is shocked by the proposition, he feels no revulsion, no disgust. Therefore, because Rainsford does not seem to have an internal aversion to Zaroff’s proposal, that causes a quandary - his lack of moral dilemma in this situation is a dilemma in itself.

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In the short story, “The Most Dangerous Game,” the main character Rainsford had gotten stranded on a dangerous island where Zaroff, a Russian Cossack General, hunted humans for sport. He feels that God put the weak on earth to give the strong pleasure, and up until it was his turn to be hunted, so did Rainsford. Earlier in the story Rainsford had stated, “The world is made up of two classes-- the hunters and the huntees.” And as harsh as it may sound, it is technically correct. The world is made of hunters and huntees, predator and prey.

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We see clearly in Scripture that Moses was a strategic thinker or at least he learned to be. Moses was struggling as a leader soon after he led the nation of Israel out of Egypt. His father-in-law, Jethro, came to see him after hearing the incredible things God had been doing. Jethro observed that Moses was overwhelmed with the burdens of leadership and shared with him a God-given plan a strategy for dealing with the issue. Jethro taught Moses how to set up a strategic plan by delegating the work so that the load would be spread among many.

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The the book “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell, has lots of challenges and conflicts throughout the whole story. Two hunters are on a yacht in the Caribbean Sea, when one falls off and washes up on an island. There, he meets General Zaroff, a man with only one desire. To hunt humans. He makes Rainsford (the man from the shipwreck), go loose on the island in order to hunt him.

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