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Annotated Bibliography

1059 Words5 Pages

Kayla Schneider
SCI 100, Section 01
Professor Cooley
October 20, 2017
Bibliography

Research Topic: Coal mining and underground coal fires have a huge impact on the environment. Burning coal as a fuel source and underground coal fires are used all over the world. I want to see how far we have come along in prevent environmental damage.
Reference 1:
Ehler , B. (n.d.). Mine Fires and Burning Refuse. Retrieved October 11, 2017, from https://www.osmre.gov/programs/tdt/minefires.shtm
Usefulness:
I choose this website because it explained mine fires. This website was very informational on how these fires start, where in the world these fires exists, and techniques for stopping and controlling these coal fires.
Annotation:
Underground coal fires …show more content…

G. (2010). Clean coal engineering technology. Amsterdam: BH/Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier.
Usefulness:
I picked this book for my bibliography because it gives great information on coal use and how to make it more environmental friendly. This book is a great way to learn how coal effects the environment and how to minimize the damage that coal can create to the environment. It gives information on new technologies out there that are a part of clean coal engineering technology.
Annotation:
In the first edition of this book called Coal Energy Systems written by the same author as Clean Coal Engineering Technology (Second addition) says that coal is the main energy source in the United States. The start of the second edition says that coal is the largest source of fuel in the world and exists in about 70 different countries. Coal can generate as much electricity as all the other energy sources combined and in the United States, coal is the abundant energy source. Coal has a big history of producing many pollutants into the atmosphere and has been contributed to many health problems. An act was put in place called The Clean Air Act Amendments if 1970. This act created a program that aimed to prevent, control, and abatement of air pollution from stationary and mobile …show more content…

The two fires that were studied were the Truman Shepherd fire in Knott County and the Lotts Creek fire in Perry County. The water and soil samples that were tested were tested for benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and xylenes. This study showed that from the Truman Shepherd fire, the soil samples showed that there were traces but the levels were low. From the Lotts Creek fire the soil samples showed numerous traces of contaminations. At both fires there were no traces of contamination in the water samples. The groundwater of the fires could not be tested directly so they had to use the closest samples they could which was over 300m from the Truman Shepherd

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This industry not only provides the populous with inexpensive power but also creates a steady employment option. Besides an increase in the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, the mass accumulation of coal ash and its leaks and spills into local rivers negatively affect the environment (“Energy-Related”). According to Earthjustice, “North Carolina generates over 5.5 million tons of ash per year” ("Coal Ash Contaminates”). In Eden, N.C. in 2014, the largest coal ash spill occurred, releasing 39,000 tons into the Dan River, which supplies drinking water to surrounding communities, a habitat for aquatic organisms, and recreational activities (Gallucci). Coal ash, also known as coal combustion residuals or CCRs, contains hazardous byproducts from power production, including arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium, that can poison drinking water sources for humans and devastate wildlife habitats (“Coal Ash Basics”).

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Energy is a key factor in today's society, especially in Kentucky. Kentucky's main energy resource is coal, 91.8 percent of our energy comes from this resource but coal is nonrenewable, meaning that there is a limited amount of this type of fuel. Coal mining is also detrimental to the environment, people living and working in coal mining communities have a higher chance of getting lung cancer. with surface mining, this has been linked as a cause for poisoning local residences from the chemicals used in the mountaintop mining. there are still issues with the environment and natural wildlife in the surrounding areas of the coal mining as well.

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Introduction Pike River Coal Mine was established in 1982 and was the largest underground coal mines. In the 19th and 24th of November 2010, two methane explosions took place. Twenty nine men lost their lives in these explosions. Emergency services were put in place and mine crews from various places got involved. The absence of information provided about the conditions underground interrupted the rescue pursuit.

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1054 Words | 5 Pages

Retrieved February 2, 2018, from http://www.arlp.com/CreditRatings Alliance Resource Partners, L.P. SWOT Analysis. (2016). Alliance Resource Partners, L.P. SWOT Analysis, 1. Annual coal report 2016. (2017). Retrieved from U.S. Energy Information Administration website: https://www.eia.gov/coal/annual/pdf/acr.pdf OU Libraries EZProxy.

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This type of breakthrough could change the world if it can make it out of development and into the real world. The full name of the process is called: Coal-Direct Chemical Looping, or CDCL. Coal Direct Chemical Looping has the potential to transform the manufacturing industry by taking away the limits on manufacturing due to air pollution and holds many other great possibilities for the future. Not only will it be more effective, but it will also be more cost efficient too “The most advanced and cost-effective approach to carbon capture we have reviewed to date”. Researchers say that this will act as a bridge technology and work to prevent air pollution until wind and solar power (renewable energy) takes over.

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Mining coal should stop because it could lead to a miner getting a serious illness or possibly even death. The Lancet,summarizes the burden of the health effects of generating electricity from coal and lignite. The author estimate that for every TWH(terawatt-hour) of electricity produced from coal in europe, there 24.5 death and 225 serious illnesses. This shows

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Coal is a dirty fuel and burning natural gas is a cleaner option as less carbon emissions are produced. But communities along the Appalachian Mountains have a rich history and culture centered around the coal mining industry. And they seem to be stuck in this lifestyle that is fading with the advent of cleaner sources of fuel. The Appalachian culture shouldn’t exactly be killed off, but rather be added on with new technology and lifestyle.

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