Annotated Bibliography

Kayla Schneider

SCI 100, Section 01

Professor Cooley

October 20, 2017

Bibliography

Research Topic: Coal mining and underground coal fires have a huge impact on the environment. Burning coal as a fuel source and underground coal fires are used all over the world. I want to see how far we have come along in prevent environmental damage.

Reference 1:

Ehler , B. (n.d.). Mine Fires and Burning Refuse. Retrieved October 11, 2017, from https://www.osmre.gov/programs/tdt/minefires.shtm

Usefulness:

I choose this website because it explained mine fires. This website was very informational on how these fires start, where in the world these fires exists, and techniques for stopping and controlling these coal fires.

Annotation:

Underground coal fires

G. (2010). Clean coal engineering technology. Amsterdam: BH/Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier.

Usefulness:

I picked this book for my bibliography because it gives great information on coal use and how to make it more environmental friendly. This book is a great way to learn how coal effects the environment and how to minimize the damage that coal can create to the environment. It gives information on new technologies out there that are a part of clean coal engineering technology.

Annotation:

In the first edition of this book called Coal Energy Systems written by the same author as Clean Coal Engineering Technology (Second addition) says that coal is the main energy source in the United States. The start of the second edition says that coal is the largest source of fuel in the world and exists in about 70 different countries. Coal can generate as much electricity as all the other energy sources combined and in the United States, coal is the abundant energy source. Coal has a big history of producing many pollutants into the atmosphere and has been contributed to many health problems. An act was put in place called The Clean Air Act Amendments if 1970. This act created a program that aimed to prevent, control, and abatement of air pollution from stationary and mobile

The two fires that were studied were the Truman Shepherd fire in Knott County and the Lotts Creek fire in Perry County. The water and soil samples that were tested were tested for benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and xylenes. This study showed that from the Truman Shepherd fire, the soil samples showed that there were traces but the levels were low. From the Lotts Creek fire the soil samples showed numerous traces of contaminations. At both fires there were no traces of contamination in the water samples. The groundwater of the fires could not be tested directly so they had to use the closest samples they could which was over 300m from the Truman Shepherd