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Assess The Role Of Liberalism In Peace Shiping Tang

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Niccolo Machiavelli once said, “If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared”. Realism, at its core, believes that states play an international game in which they either conquer, or disappear. Like Machiavelli, realists believe that the only one that can can help a state is the state itself. Liberalism on the other hand has a more open-minded approach. Like Realism, liberal thought believes that the system in which states interact is anarchic, however Liberalism maintains a position in which theoretical groups can be created to manage such interaction as well as function independently in the international system. Realism, in most conceptions, ignores international institutions . Peace …show more content…

Tang states that in a realist world all states are power maximizers and, at the outset, those that are not power maximizers change their ways or disappear (Tang, 36). Tang explains that as states disappear those once offensive realist states transition to being defensive (Tang, 40). In a manner of thinking states have more to lose now because of all the territory they had gained. As it becomes harder and harder to expand, states begin to transition their means of production to maintaining their power through defensive means. Tang explains that Realism actually evolves from explaining an offensive realist world to a explaining a defensive realist world (Tang 36). Tang’s defensive realist world values international non-state actors, but not as a means of peace, rather as a means to punish unsuccessful aggressors (Tang, 41). Ultimately, according to Tang, this lends itself to his idea because states will act more defensively because it will be harder to be an …show more content…

The security dilemma is when a state seeks to protect itself, it instills fear in surrounding states. This leads to instability and arms races which can cause conflict. It begs the question, why increase state security if it might undermine security? Realism does not believe that international organizations can temper relationships between states. However, as Tang points out, defensive realist states rely heavily on international organizations to limit the security maximization capabilities of their neighbours. These organizations, according to Tang, can create even larger gaps between the power of a state and their neighbours. Liberalism conversely, approaches the security dilemma from a completely different angle. Liberalism believes that international organizations can work to instil values between multiple states enabling them to either build alliances or create a trust that would allow them to feel comfortable enough to seek security freely. In essence Liberalism believes that international organizations allow states to seek a mutually beneficial outcome similar to that of the Nash

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Ender’s treatment of Stilson was generally right, because it leads him to be a part of the Battle School, which trains the children to be a part of the International Fleet. The International Fleet is an organization made up of all the nations whom have united in order to provide further protection and power in future wars between humans and buggers. In contrast, from our world today, the main source of conflict comes from extraterrestrial beings, instead of other countries. This causes the people in Ender’s world to develop new systems that unite all countries, advance in technology, and train the children who show an early potential to be a part of the I.F (International Fleet). If Ender had not beaten up Stilson after Stilson had repeatedly taunted him, then he wouldn’t have had gotten the opportunity to be a part of the Battle School, which would then give him the opportunity to be a part of the International Fleet and contribute to the protection of Earth and the people on it.

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Added to this he also mentions states power, for example at the beginning of the text when he says that North Korea has caused America, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia to initiate talks about their actions and what potential solutions could be and in the eyes of realists relative power, a state can only have power in relation to another state, is the most important factor. He also only mentions states within the article and not other actors this is a very realistic perspective because within realism the state is the primary actor and other actors are no where near as important, furthermore, in the solutions he utilizes another realistic view, the view that morality is not a prime factor, as all three of the solutions have no peaceful

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[ Joseph S. Nye, Soft Power - The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs, 2004] Realist policies sometimes coincide with the dictates of liberalism, in which case there is no conflict between the pursuit of power and the pursuit of principle. Under theses circumstances, realist policies can be justified with liberal rhetoric without having the discuss the underlying power realities. [ John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W. W. Norton,

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Mckinley Rogers 10/22/15 World History Prompt #1 The Magna Carta was an agreement between King John and a group of English barons in response to years of the king’s bad ruling and excessive taxation. Many english nobles resented the ongoing growth of the king’s power and rebelled during the reign of King John. The nobles wrote the charter and forced King John to affix his seal on the Magna Carta.

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Andrew Heywood, Carl Schmitt, and John Baylis et al. all offer a different take on the concepts of liberalism and realism. These are two important theories that define the modern political system. With global politics as a main staple of the current political system and governments connecting on more and more levels, an important question comes into focus: does a liberalism or realism system exist? To examine this idea and how it relates to our current political situation, one must first look at the concepts presented by Heywood, Schmitt, and Baylis.

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Looking back over the development of the Security Studies field, there can be no doubt that the realist tradition has exercised enormous influence. Even the harshest of critics can acknowledge that with their focus on power, fear, and anarchy, realist theories have provided centrally important explanations for conflict and war (Williams, 2013). One interpretation of realism that is unbroken amongst most commentators of the theory is that realists are individuals that believe the State is the principle actor in international politics and that they are very concerned with the balance of power (Marsalis, 2013). They argue that all the State’s actions and choices are a reflection of the collective will of the people, which is also an argument

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The theory unleashes such dynamic forces that from the time of its inception up till now it has governed the international system of the world however things one day itself fall apart. The Realists mark the State as the locus of different international circles and these sovereign states have vested interests which are always selfish. Realism is a heartless theory, man is not supposed to be selfish in the way exaggerated by the Realist thinker however [he] is a seeker of knowledge and what so ever he stumbles upon, he keeps

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4.0 An Explanation of Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Post-Structuralism. 4.1 Realism Realism or political realism prioritizes national interests and security concerns in addition to moral ideology and social reconstruction. The term is often associated with political power. The term is often associated with political power. Realism believes that the state is the main actor of the most important in determining the direction of a country.

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Liberal is a paradigm which is a belief in the positive uses of government to bring justice, equality of opportunity, peace and looks more to the nature of state. Liberalism is a philosophy based on the belief about the ultimate value of individual freedom and the opportunities for human progress. Liberalism is talking about rationality, moral autonomy, human rights, democracy, opportunity, and choice that built upon commitment to the principles of freedom and equality. There is a long traditional in Liberal thinking about international relations’ characteristic. . Liberalist are thinking how to create a peaceful relation among country up to relation among individual and one of the sytemic and deeper explanation is brought by a German philospher, Immanuel Kant with his essay entitled “Perpetual Peace” .

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Idealism and Realism are two strongly opposed views of foreign policy. At the core of this opposition is the issue of power and security in politics. Realism establishes a separation between politics and ethics in order to understand and comprehend international events. Realists don’t oppose morality to politics, nor power to law, but rather oppose the utopian peaceful society to the nature of society.

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A realist theory would suggest that states are the only relevant actors in international politics. Realists believe that since there is no central authority to govern these

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795 Words | 4 Pages

Therefore, it provides differences between the status quo power and progressive states, while maintaining and emphasizing the importance of government at the same time. In contrary, Structural Realism is more concerned on ensuring their survival, by seeking and maintaining that power. Structural Realism would treat states as they are black boxes: they are assumed to be alike (Mearsheimer). Furthermore, Classical Realism and Structural Realism differ in their views of interconnection in international politics, fundamentally what causes the observed outcomes in relations among states. Classical Realists believe that the international world is one of interacting states, and causes run in one direction.

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1282 Words | 6 Pages

In practice, that is to say, this essay will first and foremost explain what is meant by Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism. It will then hone in on a similarity of crucial importance, namely that both are in agreement that the international system is structured anarchically. The rationale behind this is twofold: firstly, anarchy lays the foundations upon which both theories are built and, secondly, it is from this similarity that fundamental points of contention come to light. For example, although there is consensus that the international system is structured anarchically, neo-realists and neoliberals hold differing views on the nature of anarchy: the former argues that anarchy is all-encompassing whereas the latter contends that

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1938 Words | 8 Pages

Also, Realism ideas believe that state would act according to their own ideas and needs when Liberalism believes that state would act according to citizens ideas and needs. Realism believes in conflicts, aggression, militaristic expansions and Liberalism believes in measuring of power trough countries economy, in the cooperation and peace, in the nation/people`s rights and in ideas of political and nations/peoples freedom. Also, Realism believes that United Nation is pointless because organization cant keeps another state what it wants for example: (Russian annexation of Crimea and Russian occupation in Georgia) but actually Liberalism believes that United Nations can`t force states to obey the organization, but Liberals think that UN is still important in our reality. Liberalism just believes that international organizations like United Nations, give states the ways in which to cooperate with each other and to gain one another's trust. Also Realists argue that all states have same interests and all countries are interested in increasing

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1381 Words | 6 Pages

The international relations schools of thought known as Realism and Idealism identify specific and similar characteristics of actors in the conceptual development of their theories. While many of these characteristics can be generalized as being synonymous with the two theories, both theories make a separate distinction in what specifically constitutes an actor. In Realism, the term “actor” refers directly and solely to the state: a combination of government, leaders, decision-makers, etc, that act as a unitary entity to promote the interests of the state. Idealists, however, expand on what constitutes an actor to include both the state and people. Not only do the principles of Idealism assert that the state and people should be considered actors, in fact, both they must be viewed as actors.

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