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Atomic Theory Lab Report

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Atomic theory is the underlying model of this lab investigation. There are five important principles of this model; one all matter is composed of submicroscopic particles called atoms. Two all atoms of given element are identical. Three all atoms of one element have the same mass, and atoms from different elements have different masses. Four atoms can be combined with other atoms to form molecules, and molecules can be split apart into individual atoms. Five atoms are not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction that results in production of a new substance. According to the atomic theory, a chemical reaction is the rearrangement of atoms. This rearrangement is set up like an equation and with this equation both side must have the same …show more content…

When we reacted acetate acid and sodium bicarbonate in a ratio of 1:4, 97 ml of CO2 was produced and the product was neutral(7) as seen on graph. When we repeated this with 2:1 ratio, 47 ml of CO2 was produced and the product was more acidity(6) as seen on graph. In a perfect ratio( the ratio where the reactants are all use to make the product) of acetate acid and sodium bicarbonate, both reactants will be perfectly used up and the PH would be neutral. This what happened with the frist ratio, which is why the PH was neutral. In the second ratio of acetate acid and sodium bicarbonate, the PH was more acidic, so there was acetate acid leftover. The data had errors because ratios 1:4, 1:2, and 2:3 all had a neutral PH(7) as seen on graph. This evidence shows that we never had the prefect mole ratio of acetate acid and sodium bicarbonate because we always had left over reactants when tested our ratios. Because our ratios were not perfectly balanced as atomic theory states atoms are not destroyed when when it made the new product and the ratio was not perfectly balanced the was left over

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Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter(Doc.3). These small particles have a nucleus and a certain number of protons ,neutrons ,and electrons(O.I). The number of protons is independent to the element, and can be used to find it on the periodic table(Doc.2). Protons are positively charged particles(Doc.3).

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If only one reactant is increased, then the chemical reaction will only produce a certain amount of products after the limiting reagent is used up, and in this experiment, the most mass the reaction could produce was 0.4 grams. Although we kept adding calcium chloride, not adding sodium hydroxide in the same proportions will not yield more product, which is the main goal in conducting this lab. We should have seen a plateau at 0.4 grams to show that the limiting reagent inhibited further Ca(OH)2 production, but we made several mistakes in our experiment, which made the data unusable to conclude. Once again, the data is polluted, so these number are not accurate, but it is the data our group has to work with. The theoretical yield should have been more than the actual yield, and the percentages should have been less than 100.

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The electrons travel through vast empty space within the atom, and these electrons are held with the positively charged nucleus. The neutrons and protons make up an atom, which makes up more than 99.97% of the mass of an atom. The number of protons and neutrons also equal each other since neutrons are neutral. There is more research going on with the subatomic particles, and we now know that the three different parts all have different unique structures, which are sub-subatomic particles. However, it is not fully known how they work

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