Atoms Of Different Elements To Create New Compounds

Ionic bonding

Atoms of different elements can create chemical bonds and join together to create new compounds. One way they can do this by ionic bonding.

Ionic bonding, atoms can gain or lose electrons to create positively or negatively charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions. Because of the attraction of opposite charged, plus (+) and mins (-), the ions are strongly attracted to one another.

All the atoms over at the left-hand side of the periodic table from the zigzag line has just one or two electrons in their outer shells.

All the atoms over at the left-hand side of the periodic table from the zigzag line are pretty keen to get shot of them, because they’ll only have full shells left. So, they do get rid, and that leaves

On the right-hand side of the periodic table from the zigzag line, group 6 and group 7, like oxygen and chlorine, have outer shells which are nearly full. They're gain that extra one or two electrons to fill the shell up. When this happen, they become ions.

The most atoms join together to create ions are group 1&2 and 6&7.

Group 1 and 2 elements are metals and they lose electrons to become positive ions or cations.

Group 6 and 7 elements are non-metals. They gain electrons to become negative ions or anions.

When any of these cations join with the anions, they create ionic bonds.

Only elements at opposite sides of the periodic table will create ionic bonds, e.g. Na and Cl, where Na become a cation and Cl become an anion.

In ionic bonds the charges (-, +) only appear when an element reacts with something like water or another element.

Ionic bonds always produce compounds with similar structure.

Ions create a closely packed regular lattice arrangement, this is because ionic bonds are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged

The both atoms that join together by covalent bonding they’ll have full outer shell and will be stable.

Each covalent bond provides one or more extra shared electron for each atom.

Each atom involved has to make enough covalent bonds to fill up its outer shell so it will be stable.

When atoms make covalent bonds with one or more other atoms, they create a molecule, e.g. Hydrogen atom have just one electron. They only need one more to complete the first shell so they’ll create single covalent bonds to be stable. H2 can be written as H-H.

Another example is H2O: in water molecules, the oxygen shares electrons with H atoms and join together by covalent bonding and be a stable water molecule.

There are two kinds of covalent bonding:

Simple molecular covalent substances.

Giant molecular covalent substances.

1) Simple molecular covalent substances:

The atoms in these substances make very strong covalent bonds to create small molecules of two or more atoms.

However, the forces of attraction between these molecules are very