The Effect of Baker’s Yeast on Skin Tumor: Part I
Amany Elwakkad
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ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the use of Baker’s yeast as a novel natural product for the treatment of skin cancer and to study the apoptotic effect of intratumoral injection of yeast in skin cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The present work comprises two main groups of 50 male Swiss albino mice. The first group composed of 10 healthy mice and the second group composed of 40 mice with skin tumor divided as a positive control group and
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proapoptotic proteins comprise Bax, Bak, Bcl-XS, Bad, Bid, Bik, Bim, Hrk, and Bok, while antiapoptotic proteins comprise Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, and A1/Bfl-1(4) and Caspases (5). There are three pathways of apoptosis, the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways that are the most common two which are triggered by death receptors or by numerous mitochondrial stimuli, respectively (6). A third pathway that is less known is the intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum pathway (7).
Fas ligand is very essential in apoptosis because the extrinsic apoptosis is started by the interaction between the extracellular domains of the single-pass transmembrane receptors Fas and FasL differentially expressed at the surface of target cells and natural killer lymphocytes, respectively (8). (9) stated that several tumors can express FasL, that is considered a mechanism by which tumors can escape from destruction by the immune response.
The members of Bcl-2 family are as well a group of important regulatory factors in apoptosis (10) as they play an important role in mitochondria pathway-mediated apoptosis (11). BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was firstly known as a gene whose product causes resistance to apoptosis in lymphocytes. Later studies, identified a number of both pro- as well as anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-related proteins