ipl-logo

Organic Chemistry Lab Report

936 Words4 Pages

Excess molar volumes were measured at 308.15K as a function of composition by a direct dilatometer method for binary liquid mixtures of 4-methylpentan-2-ol + n-hexane, + n-heptane, + n-octane, + n-decane and + n-dodecane. All the mixtures exhibit positive excess volumes over the whole mole fraction range. VE results of 4-Methylpentan-2-ol with n-alkanes were compared with VE of Hexanol-1 + n-alkanes. The variation of VE with the change in the position of either alkyl group or –OH group is discussed.

1. Introduction
The molar excess volumes of binary liquid mixtures particularly alkanol – alkanes mixtures have been determined by many workers (Kaur et al.,1989, 1991and Mahajan et al.,2013) and the results have been utilized to check the validity …show more content…

Kaur,1985) which give sigmoid shape with (n-hexane, n-heptane and n-decane), i.e. show both negative and positive values at low and high mole fraction range. This can be explained as consequence of two opposing effects, the disruption of H-bonded alcohol aggregates by alkane molecules contribute negative VE whereas change in free volume and interstitial accommodation of smaller alkane molecules into the alkanol structure give negative contribution. The latter effect gets stoically hindered in 4-methylpentan-2-ol due to positive contribution due and is dominated by the positive contribute due to disruption of H-bonds. Self association due to H-bonds also become weaker due to steric hindrance to H-bond formation in 4-methylpentan-2-ol as compared to Hexan-1-ol which cause more positive VE values for 4-methylpentan-2-ol. The shape of the molecule is another factor which contributes more positive value of VE to 4-methylpentan-2-ol. The Hexan-1-ol molecule is planer and elongated in same fashion as those of n-alkanes. The alignment of these molecules on mixing is ordered due to Vander Waal’s forces. The 4- methylpentan-2-ol molecules are bulky and spherical in shape. The alignment on mixing is likely to be random. These molecules may also destroy the ordered alignment of n-alkane

Show More
Related
1366 Words | 6 Pages

Cadet Eric Wiggins Date: 18 September 2014 Course Name: Chem 100 Instructor: Captain Zuniga Section: M3A Identification of a Copper Mineral Intro Minerals are elements or compounds that are created in the Earth by geological processes. The method of isolating metals in a compound mineral is normally conducted through two processes.

Read More
1481 Words | 6 Pages

Feras Kaid Chem 2415-43 TA: Rio Assessment 1 Conclusion In this lab, there were 4 different distillations that were performed each with the same end goal to separate the two different organic compounds, cyclohexane and toluene. We used the boiling points of the two compounds to separate them using the following 4 techniques: microscale simple distillation, miniscale simple distillation, miniscale fractional packed distillation, and miniscale fractional unpacked distillation. The three different miniscale distillations were used to predict the accuracy of the distillation by comparing them to one other. The most accurate of the three distillations is the miniscale fractional packed distillation because this type uses a Vigreux column instead

Read More
1067 Words | 5 Pages

Introduction A way to determine the molar mass of an unknown substance is to use other properties of that substance and solve for desired information. In this experiment, a colligative property, like the freezing point of an aqueous solution of the unknown substance, was used to find the molar mass of the substance. With the molar mass discovered, the identity of the substance was found. Material and Methods First, a Vernier temperature probe was attached to a plastic rod using rubber bands.

Read More
1574 Words | 7 Pages

One conformation placed the 4-tert-butyl substituent in most stable, locked the equatorial position with the carbonyl pointing up. Oxidation the 4-tert-cyclohexanol produced a greater amount of the more stable conformer with tert-butyl in the equatorial position relative to the conformer with tert-butyl in the un-favored axial position. The faces of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone are non-equivalent for nucleophilic attack due to top –face steric hindrance imposed by a tert-butyl group in the equatorial position and the presence of much smaller, axial deuterium atoms adjacent to the carbonyl on the bottom-face of the

Read More
775 Words | 4 Pages

Next, about 10 mL of both solutions, Red 40 and Blue 1, were added to a small beaker. The concentration of the stock solution were recorded, 52.1 ppm for Red 40 and 16.6 ppm for Blue 1. Then, using the volumetric pipette, 5 mL of each solution was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask, labelled either R1 or B1. Deionized water was added into the flask using a pipette until the solution level reached a line which indicated 10 mL. A cap for the flask was inserted and the flask was invented a few times to completely mix the solution. Then, the volumetric pipette was rinsed with fresh deionized water and

Read More
728 Words | 3 Pages

The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.

Read More
104 Words | 1 Pages

Based on the obtained results from the experiment, the unknown liquid was determined to be methanol. The results were very close to the theoretical values, all within 15.92 % error. In this experiment it showed that the methanol have different intermolecular forces at work and at different vapor pressures implying that the amount of intermolecular forces they exhibit affects the vapor pressure. Possible source of error that occurred throughout the experiment was that the temperature was hard to control leading to the variances between the temperature of the reading in the water bath and the actual temperature causing slight changes in the vapor

Read More
1390 Words | 6 Pages

Determining the Molar Volume of a Gas Lab Report The purpose of the experiment is to determine the molar volume of hydrogen gas at standard pressure and temperature. Excess hydrochloric acid was placed in a eudiometer and decanted with deionized water. A piece of magnesium ribbon was trapped in a copper wire cage in the eudiometer in order to keep it in place as the more dense hydrochloric acid diffused downward in the inverted eudiometer.

Read More
1149 Words | 5 Pages

Purpose: Intermolecular force is the strength of the bond between two molecules. It is affected by their molar masses since the more lightweight a molecule is, the easier it is to pull it away from whatever it is bonded to. Although molar mass affects intermolecular forces, it is not the greatest factor in the determination of a bond’s strength. Polarity, or the positive and negative sides of a molecule dictate the intermolecular forces far greater than molar mass.

Read More
902 Words | 4 Pages

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also

Read More
1038 Words | 5 Pages

Properties of Substances Express Lab 1)The purpose of this lab was to compare the physical properties of different types of solids and how the properties of solids are determined by their intermolecular forces and their intramolecular bonds. Then we were to classify each type of solid as either ionic, metallic, non-polar molecular, polar molecular, or network. Paraffin wax classified as a non-polar molecular, Silicon dioxide was classifies as a network, Sodium chloride was classified as ionic, Sucrose was classified as polar molecular and Tin was classified as metallic. (2)The intermolecular forces that are present in Paraffin wax are dispersion forces, because it is non-polar and carries a negative charge. Followed by Sucrose that has

Read More
1855 Words | 8 Pages

For 63.0℃, the flask was cooled when the solution in the flask become almost empty. 25 mL of chloroform and 25 mL acetone were added to the flask and distillation was started again. Samples (3V, 3L) were collected at about

Read More
742 Words | 3 Pages

Cyclohexane was collected from 26 ml to 35 ml, thus 9 ml of cyclohexane was collected. Therefore the observed ratio of DCM to cyclohexane was 18:9 or 2:1. Two sources of error may have affected the experiment. Firstly, the experiment required volumes of liquid to be recorded while the vapours were distilling.

Read More
1148 Words | 5 Pages

The crude oil is heated in a tall cylinder called fractionator for at least 350 degC. The process is based on the principle that different substances boil at different temperature. The cyclohexane content of naphtha fraction of crude oil can vary from 0.5 to 5.0 volume %. N-hexane, isohexanes, methyl cyclopentane, benzene and dimethyl pentanes have normal boiling points very close to cyclohexane.1 Advantages: 1. Uses a simple method of cyclohexane recovery. Disadvantages: 1.

Read More
967 Words | 4 Pages

DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ETHANOL IN BEVERAGES 1. Introduction to Gas Chromatography Gas chromatography is a very powerful separation technique for compounds that are reasonably volatile. The components of a sample partitions into two phases, the 1st of these phases is a immobile bed with a great surface area, and the other is a gas phase that permeates through the immobile bed. The sample is evaporated and passed by the mobile gas phase or the carrier gas through the column. Samples separates into the stationary liquid phase, based on their solubilities at the given temperature.

Read More

More about Organic Chemistry Lab Report

Related Topics

Open Document