One of the most useful biomedical diagnostic imaging tool is the computed tomography (CT) scan. CT scans allow for physicians to view cross sectional images of tissues and organs using x-ray and computer technology. Physicians are able to view all major body parts to look for abnormalities using a CT scan without having to take surgical biopsies or perform exploratory surgeries. These scans can be used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, locate blood clots, and determine if internal bleeding is present among a vast array of other medical conditions (1).
Although the scan generates little to no pain to the patient, the scan increases radiation-induced risks. The levels of radiation emitted by CT scanners widely vary, exposing patients to dangerous levels of radiation that may induce cancer as a consequence. The federal government does not limit the amount of radiation a patient may receive; therefore the physician determines the appropriate strength and dose. In October of 2009, the FDA determined that 206 patients received excess doses from CT scans used to diagnose strokes over an eighteen month period at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Some of the overexposed patients experienced redness of the skin and hair loss. All of the patients are now at increased risks of experiencing cancers related to the over exposure (2).
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A survey from four major hospitals in Houston, TX found that the charge for a CT scan of the head, chest or abdomen ranges from $1,400-$2,500, excluding the radiologist’s fee (3). These scans can create financial burdens on patients, especially those who do not have health insurance or undergo several CT