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Bitzer's Rhetorical Analysis

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Rhetoric in Bitzer’s sense is a “mode of altering reality, not by direct application of energy to objects, but by the creation of discourse which changes reality through the mediation of thought and action”. Bitzer explains that rhetoric is situational for five reasons: “[1] rhetorical discourse comes into existence as a response to a situation…[2] a speech is given rhetorical significance by the situation…[3] Rhetorical situation must exist as a necessary condition of rhetorical discourse…[4] many rhetorical situations mature and decay without giving birth to rhetorical utterance…and [5] Situation is rhetorical insofar as it needs and invites discourse capable of participating with the situation and thereby altering its reality…”. The main …show more content…

As rhetoric was once hyper-focused on the art of persuasion as well as oratory and philosophy on matters of human existence, this shift in human inquiry has collapsed the border between the two practices – into what is now known as contemporary rhetorical theory (and crosses into postmodern rhetorical theory). “The convictions and orientations that have traditionally marked the separation of rhetoric and philosophy—the concern with truth and the focus on persuasion—have begun to converge on a new space that can be defined through the central term discourse” (Angus & Langsdorf, 1993). Contemporary rhetoric emerged as a theoretical landscape in which to analyze the communicative act in the civic …show more content…

A phenomenological approach that is system-based and communication-centered, in particular, may serve to illuminate the relationship between structure and agency. One assumption of this analysis is that system change occurs through the actions of individual actors. It is when individuals have the motivation and capacity for action that they speak out, enact policy changes, and participate in change-oriented collectivities. Change at the system level, in turn, can facilitate individual awareness and relationship building (DeTurk, 2006, p.

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Grant-Davie describes thoroughly the term rhetorical situation and how the development of the definition and its constituents has contributed to the discovery of the motives and responses behind any discourse. The analysis of rhetorical situations could determine the outer or inner influences of the rhetors, the audience, and their particular constraints. Grant Davie supports his claims by using the earlier definitions of scholars and teachers as his foundation. He also addresses his own analysis drawn by life experienced discourses which it also helps the reader understand the causes of rhetorical situations. This is important because it teaches any writer or reader to analyze a situation and think about the options and paths it could lead

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Lloyd Bitzer The Rhetorical Situation Summary

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And more importantly for him, the situation is the fundamental element of rhetorical activity. Bitzer defines Rhetorical situation as, “A complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence.” In describing “Rhetorical Situation” Bitzer also mentions 3 constituents of it: First of all, the exigence—an “imperfection” or a “defect,” which is also the need of having something to be done. There is a variety of exigencies. An exigence will be classified as rhetorical only when it allows positive modification and the positive modification is based on discourse.

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How Does Lloyd Bitzer Create A Rhetorical Situation

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Joe Johnson 01/04/18 Writ 1122 Online Yin & Yang To begin, it is important to lay out the definition that each Lloyd Bitzer and Richard Vatz give to the rhetorical situation. According to Lloyd Bitzer “Rhetorical situation may be defined as a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decisions or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence.” (Bitzer) Put into layman’s terms, Lloyd Bitzer believes that there are three main parts that create a rhetorical situation – Exigence, Audience, and a set of constraints.

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Rhetoric is used in many different ways and in many different places. When using rhetoric a certain type of language is being used to persuade the audience to do something or believe in something. Martin Luther King uses many different types of rhetoric in “I have a dream” to persuade people to stand with him in fighting against discrimination of another race. Elie Wiesel uses rhetoric in “Keep Memory Alive” to persuade his audience to not be detached from the world and what is going on in it. King uses many rhetorical devices whereas Wiesel uses very few.

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Lloyd Bitzer's Rhetorical Situation Summary

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Now, the framework I decided to use for this article through analyzing is Lloyd Bitzer’s Rhetorical Situation. In his rhetorical situation, he explains how every situation can be analyzed rhetorically by looking at the interactions between speakers, subjects, audience and purpose. A rhetoric piece of work comes into existence for the sake of something far greater than the piece itself. In each rhetoric situation, he explains how there’s three main variables that come into play. First, you gave the exigence, which is the “reason.”

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The two different rhetorical messages are Lloyd Bitzer’s situation and the rhetorical triangle. Both messages are similar, with several differences. Lloyd Bitzer’s rhetorical situation focuses on exigence, audience, and constraints; whereas, the rhetorical triangle focuses on the writer, the audience, and context. Both messages have ways of persuading, or manipulating, the audience. For simplicity, let us imagine a Venn Diagram: Bitzer’s situation is the left circle and the rhetorical triangle is the right circle.

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