CSA: A Hidden Crime
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It is estimated that about one third of females and one sixth of boys will experience sexual abuse before the age of 18 ((Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993).Most studies on CSA suggest that girls are greater
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Having a CSI perspective on child violence and child sexual abuse is crucial to helping families. The culture part always someone who is reviewing a case to understand what might have caused this to happen. "This acceptance of violence can perpetuate the physical maltreatment of children." (39). The Social Structure helps us to understand why we do things a certain way.
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They can’t care for themselves completely because of their age and are easily pressured into silence, especially if the violence is perpetuated by a family member. In The Sum of My Parts, Olga Trujillo recounts her time spent with Dona Graciela and how her father quickly put that to an end when Dona questioned about the violence in Olga’s family. Olga remembers her father saying “Dona Graciela didn’t want me anymore, so I should stop listening for her” (19). Children in sexually violent houses are made to feel like they won’t be loved by anyone else and because of their young age they are easily manipulated to believe they aren’t. Olga also describes the prostitution that her parents put her thought.
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They may also be subjected to physical and sexual
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Although the correct side to this argument is that the percentages of dating violence and abuse is small, there are still claims of female teenagers in high school that have been physically and verbally abused or violated in a sexual matter. All of these were self reported situations that become less reported because of the humiliation so some of the abuse instances that may take place might actually be underreported in the first place. These incidents are something these females, or males, must face their entire lives. The mental trauma and physical scars left on oneself can affect a person 's daily life. No one wants the memories left on them or anyone they love so any percentage is a big
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A child only knows the boundaries that they are taught. Since they are naturally ignorant, this puts them in such a vulnerable position and makes it easy for them to trust the wrong people. Oftentimes, abusers will purposefully make it difficult to understand the difference between what is right and what is wrong in an attempt of manipulation. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread issue, as up to one in four girls experience CSA at one point in their life. And unfortunately, it is a significant fact that Black children have nearly twice the risk of sexual abuse as white children (“How Common Is Child Sexual Abuse?
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It is found that from the years 2009 to 2013, a documented 63,000 children were reported as victims of sexual abuse or harassment. Statistically, it is also found that every eight minutes, Child Protective Services find evidence or claims of child sex abuse. The effects of this abuse can be long-lasting and consequently affects the mental health of a victim. It is found that victims who encounter sexual harassment are four times as likely to develop drug abusiveness, post traumatic stress disorders, and three times as likely to develop anxiety or depressive episodes (Children and Teens: Statistics). The consequences of sexual abuse are not only found to be confined to the times of incidents but develop lasting effects on the victims long after the incident occurs.
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Maltreatment has a severe impact on a child’s current and future functioning and development regarding their emotional, social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical wellbeing.(Frederico 345). Different types of abuse, such as physical, emotional, and sexual have different consequences, but the consequences of all maltreatment, are likely to happen in three stages. Firstly, a child may have an initial reaction such as post-traumatic symptoms, painful emotions, and cognitive distortions. Secondly, children develop coping strategies that are aimed to help increase their safety or reduce their pain. Thirdly, a child 's sense of self-worth is damaged and develop the feeling of shame and hopelessness..
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Good social and emotional support has been positively correlated with mental health outcomes.28Though many women are subject to various forms of sexual and non-sexual violence as children, their effects can be long term and can manifest during any age of life especially when there is increased vulnerability such as in midlife. Child hood violence or trauma can show its psychological effects such as low self-esteem, physical ill health and depression in any age group.29The spectrum of manifestations of this trauma can crop up in any form, from merely bullying someone, or being assaultive or being sexually abusive. Some of them suffer from psychiatric illnesses never noticed by their parents or teachers.30The UN declaration of Elimination of Violence against Women rounds it up as any act of gender-based violence That results in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, or Psychological harm or suffering. 31 Psychobiological research has lent a better understanding of the toxic effects of stress faced by victims of sexual abuse. The trauma of sexual abuse can have impact on braindevelopment and persistent exposure to severe stress often faced by women, have shown to be related to a decrease in cortical volume and heightened fear responses due to sensitization of the neural pathway.32Economic status is a
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Child protection is an aspect of safeguarding and it refers to protecting individual child from maltreatment. Professionals in Setting X are able to recognize the signs and symptoms of child abuse that are identified in document Working Together to Safeguard Children 2015 as physical, emotional, sexual and neglect. Knowing about the forms of abuse allows the practitioner to identify them and report to stop the abuse from happening. Other forms of abuse according to NSPCC (2016a) are also Bullying, Female Genitals Mutilation (FGM), child grooming, child trafficking and online abuse.
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The authors received, and analyzed data on 111 cases of female perpetrators, which was obtained from the women after they had been charged with sex offenses. Among the characteristics of the offenders under investigation, it appeared that offenders “emerged as intellectually low in the average functioning group, with a high prevalence of psychiatric or personality disorders, a high prevalence of neglect and (especially sexual) abuse” (Wijkman, Bijleveld, Hendriks, 2010). From the conducted study, it was also evident that the victims of the offenders were relatively young (median age 13) and mostly of the female sex. In 93% of the cases, the victim was either an own child, a relative’s child or an acquaintance. Often, the abuse was carried out with a male partner (Wijkman, Bijleveld, Hendriks,
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Thus, one such theory that attempts to explain pedophilia is the ‘abused-abuser hypothesis’ which claims that individuals who suffered childhood sexual abuse possesses a predisposition to developing pedophilia (McAnulty and Burnette 2006, Burton, Miller, & Shill, 2002).This hypothesis which is based on the social learning theory claims that children modeling the experiences of sexual abuse they endured ultimately results in pedophilia. Furthermore, research has revealed that this process consists of three features which are firstly the prepubescent victim’s understanding of the abuse where the child may believe that the abuse is normal and that it is not harmful. This interpretation would then cause the child to normalize the experience. The second feature is therefore considered to be the factors related to the relationship between the child and the abuser which would be the age of the child, type of relationship with the abuser, frequency and the severity of the abuse. Whilst the third feature is considered to be the reaction of the child or the reaction of other adults who may come to know of the abuse endured by the child.
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Some of these children may not be old enough to have a voice or they just are too shy. By having those in society aware of the signs and symptoms of child abuse we are hoping to break down the cycle. Some parents may not even believe that what they are doing to their child is a sign of child abuse but it could be something that has been passed down from their parents. What parents have to remember is that there are many ways of parenting around the world, this does not mean that anything goes, as long as it’s “cultural”, parents must adapt to what is acceptable in the dominant culture around them (Pennsylvania Family Support Alliance website, 2016, para.
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In other words, the rapes that included more violence included acts such as being held down, slapped around and seriously injured while on the other hand less violent rapes may include verbal abuse so victims may not acknowledge this is still rape even if they were not seriously injured (Burgess et al., pg.376). In addition, fear of the legal system is another reason of not reporting rape. The legal system can alter the victim’s decision to
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Each year in America alone, an estimate of two million children, ranging from infants to teenagers go through minor or major kinds of abuse which include neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment. According to the National American Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, neglect represented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse represented 22%, sexual abuse represented 8%, emotional maltreatment represented 4%, and other forms of maltreatment represented12%. It also indicates that child abuse is far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are
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Other factors may include the perspective of the individual, the individual’s internal resources, and the individual’s level of support (Courtois, 1988, as cited in Ratican, 1992). Sexual abuse invades the basic rights of human beings. Children and adults should keep the right to have sexual experiences at the appropriate developmental time and within their control and choice. The nature of sexual abuse and sexually abusive relationships are often traumatic. When sexual abuse occurs in childhood it can hinder normal social growth and be a cause of many different psychosocial problems (Maltz,
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