1. Canadian cities have higher population size compared to Cuban cities with the same rank. This is because Canada is geographically larger than Cuba and Canada is much more populous than Cuba.
Comparing the rank size distributions of Canada and Cuba, we can see that the rank size distribution of Canada is roughly a straight line on the graph (blue line), which means the rank size distribution of Canadian cities follows a log-linear relationship. For example, the population of the second largest city in Canada is close to half of the population of the largest city, and so on.
From the graph, the second and third largest city have more population than the theoretically predicted population for their ranks (Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver have about 5.5, 3.8 and 2.3 million people, respectively). This shows that Canadian cities generally follow rank-size distribution
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The population of the other cities are much smaller than the theory-predicted population (population of kth rank city << 1/k of population of Havana). The population of the second largest city, Santiago de Cuba, is only about 1/5 of Havana. The non-linear relationship in the plot of indicates primacy, as the population of the largest city is significantly higher than the other cities. If we do not consider the dominating primate city, the remaining cities follow roughly a log-linear relationship.
2. Rank size distribution of Canadian cities follows rank size regularity. This could be a result of division of administration. Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The provinces are governed by their own local governments, which develop their own capital cities. Therefore, different capital cities have developed, and they often form regional centers, which have their own economic and political significance. This is shown by the data that the first five largest cities in Canada are located in four separate