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Cardiovascular System Lab Report

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The cardiovascular system is broken down into two circulatory pathways: systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body or organs, and then returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. Whereas the pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the body or organs to the right side of the heart to the lungs and return oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart (Marieb, Nicpon, and Hoehn, 2013). The cardiac cycle consists of an ejection and a filling stage: systole and diastole, respectively. During the diastolic phase the heart ventricles are relaxed as the heart fills with blood, and blood pressure is the lowest; during the systolic phase the heat ventricles contract and pump blood out of the arteries, and blood pressure is increasing. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test which checks for electrical activity problems with the heart over a period of time which is detected by electrodes that are placed on the surface of the body. An ECG …show more content…

The red colored electrode was placed on the right arm, the yellow colored electrode was placed on the left arm, the green colored electrode was placed on the left leg, and the black colored electrode was placed on the right leg. Once the ECG was recorded, it was printed out. Another part of the experiment involved measuring the heart of rate an individual using the cuff of the sphygmomanometer, which was wrapped around the arm above the elbow, and a stethoscope. The valve of the bulb was closed and the cuff pressure was pumped to 20 mm. The screw valve on the bulb was opened slowly and the cuff pressure was allowed to fall at a rate of about 2-3 mmHg per second. The first sound that was heard was recorded as the systolic pressure. As the cuff was deflating, the last sound that was heard was recorded as the diastolic

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%% Init % clear all; close all; Fs = 4e3; Time = 40; NumSamp = Time * Fs; load Hd; x1 = 3.5*ecg(2700). ' ; % gen synth ECG signal y1 = sgolayfilt(kron(ones(1,ceil(NumSamp/2700)+1),x1),0,21); % repeat for NumSamp length and smooth n = 1:Time*Fs '; del = round(2700*rand(1)); % pick a random offset mhb = y1(n + del) '; %construct the ecg signal from some offset t = 1/

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The cardiac cycle is the coordination of the filling and exhausting of blood by electrical signals that cause the heart muscles to contract and unwind. The contraction of the heart is directed by a nerve drive that goes from the SA node to AV node to AV group to Purkinje fibers to the myocardium. Amid the cardiac cycle, the heart contracts by means of systole, pushing blood out of the heart, and unwinds through diastole, filling the heart with blood. Cardiomyocytes, or cardiac cells, are striated and are in charge of the pumping of the heart; they are the main muscle cells with intercalated plates. The heart's inner pacemaker controls and times the thumping of the heart by means of electrical signals.

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Mr. O 'Brien 's vial signs are consistent with the definition of orthostatic hypotension. His blood pressure continues to fall upon position changing and his heart rate is increasing in order to try to compensate for the fall in blood pressure. 2. Explain the steps of assessing orthostatic

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592 Words | 3 Pages

There is no indication as to how long this should take. I propose that the students wait for 30 minutes to give the body enough time to reach its target resting rate. The procedure lacks details like: after doing the jumping jacks the procedure states to record your ventilation rate with no indication as to how long to wait. This detail could affect the outcome of the data because they might blow into the spirometer too soon or too late. I suggest changing that to blowing into the spirometer within the first 10 seconds of finishing your jumping jacks.

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702 Words | 3 Pages

The result from both experiments that do not concur with our results is the dramatic increase in heart rate right after

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686 Words | 3 Pages

This in turn records the subject 's breathing rate, making it easy to see where faster, more nervous breathing has occurred. Blood pressure cuff and bellows A blood pressure cuff is placed around a subject 's upper arm. The tubing from the cuff is connected to the polygraph, and as the blood pumps in the subject 's arm a sound is made. The changes in pressure cause by the sound displaces the air in the tubes and causes another bellows mechanism to react, which again moves another pen on the machine.

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422 Words | 2 Pages

The experiment we conducted was done in order to tell the effect that moderate exercise had on cardiovascular physiology. When exercise is performed oxygen, consumption is increased approximately 10-fold in order to keep up with the requirements the muscles have (Shepard, 1999). This larger oxygen requirement increases the blood flow from 1 L/min to up to 20 L/min in order to compensate for the increased oxygen requirements of the muscles, which is known as exercise hyperemia (Guyton, 1985). Using a digital sphygmomanometer, which calculates blood pressure and heart rate through inflating a blood pressure cuff, allowing the observation of the change in heart rate and blood pressure after exercise (Kosinski, 2017).

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956 Words | 4 Pages

Results 2.0 The shape of the Ventricular function Curve. A Ventricular function Curve was created by plotting Left Ventricular End-diastolic pressure against stroke work. The curve In Figure 1, displays that increase as increase LVEDP increase SW also increased as expected by starling Law of the heart. The ventricular function curve appears to only display the part of the ascendingly limb when compared to traditional curves as there is no sign of plateauing of high Pressure the sharp line of the ascendingly limb seen during low pressure. Most importantly, relative to baseline, with similar Left ventricular end diastolic pressure, the stroke Work was reduced.

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1711 Words | 7 Pages

The pulmonary system is the system at which the body is able to ventilate air in and out of the body. In this case we utilize oxygen that is being brought into the body and carbon dioxide that use blow off as a by product. The pulmonary system is also a purely pressureized system that is based all on gradients/partial pressures of air. The diaphram and the external intercostal muscles are important in this case because they will increase the volume inside the chest cavity which in turn decreses the pressure. The air from outside the body then rushes in because of this lower pressure that we have inside now.

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883 Words | 4 Pages

For this experiment the hypothesis was that as body mass index goes up cardiovascular fitness will decrease. He based our hypothesis on the fact that if a person has a higher body mass index that would generally mean that the person would not be in the best physical shape. Taking that into consideration, a person with a heavier physical shape will have bad physical health. The heart is something that correlates directly to physical health, which is what makes me believe us believe that someone with a high body mass index will have low cardiovascular fitness. When you have low cardiovascular fitness the heart has to put more effort into working, which is the scenario that we used to generate our hypothesis.

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126 Words | 1 Pages

There are usually two major types of heart failure. The Rright-sided failure, occurs when the right ventricle is not able to pump blood effectively into the pulmonary artery, causing increased volume and pressure in the venous system and causing peripheral edema. Left sided heart failure (CHF) which involves with decreased cardiac output and elevated pulmonary venous pressure may be acute, chronic, and mild to severe. It is further divided into systolic failure and diastolic failure. Systolic failure happens when the heart cannot contract forcefully during systole to eject adequate amount of blood into the circulation.

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798 Words | 4 Pages

Once we recorded the results, we began the experiment again, but this time, the tip of the syringe was closed off. We observed what happened to the balloon when the pressure of the syringe increased. We came to the conclusion that as the pressure increased the volume of the balloon

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Introduction This essay will reflect on my personal experience, skills, and knowledge gained from my studies and practice of undertaking blood pressure (Bp) whilst completing my professional placement. Bp may be defined as a force of blood against vessel walls in the body, consisting of systolic and diastolic pressure measured in millimeters of mercury. (Waugh and Grant, 2016) Systolic pressure occurs when the hearts left ventricle contracts and forces blood into the aorta causing a heightened atrial pressure, while diastolic pressure refers to complete cardiac diastole, this is when the aortic valve closes and pressure is at its lowest between beats, blood moves into smaller corresponding vessels and the heart rests.

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1164 Words | 5 Pages

The time base and sensitivity of the recording device for registering the ECG were kept at 30 mm/s and 7.5

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Systolic pressure (mmHg) Diastolic pressure (mmHg) Heart rate Supine 140 74 70 0 144 88 72 1 135 89 79 2 136 91 86 3 134 87 75 4 128 81 76 5 126 90 71 (c) Changes in blood pressure after exercise

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