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Theories of personality nature and nurture
Personality development theories and models review questions
Theories of personality nature and nurture
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1. * According to Carol Dweck, what are the essential qualities of fixed and growth mindsets? Do you agree with her analysis? Why or why not?
Someone with a fixed mindset would have acted very differently than the little bird in Bales’ book. If the bird had a fixed mindset, the bird may have felt like a loser and might have given up. “In other words, they’d see what happened as a direct measure of their competence and worth,” (Dweck, 2006). Of course, the fact that the bird has a growth mindset does not mean that he was not upset or disappointed. In fact, when the other birds were laughing and mocking him, he was sad.
David Foster Wallace, in his commencement speech, “This Is Water,” argues that reaching contentment in life requires a cessation from egoistic thought. Wallace supports his argument by his use of hypothetical anecdotes, shocking diction, and first person point of view so that he can show that self-imposed misery is borne out of self-centered thinking. The author’s purpose is to provide an alternative way of thinking so that individuals are more aware of their mindset during life’s daily, menial tasks. The author writes in a cautionary tone for graduating college seniors who are preparing to enter the world. In his speech, Wallace first uses hypothetical anecdotes in order to show the effect of self-centered thought on one’s happiness.
Nature and Nurture vs. Persistence Nature and nurture are often seen as opponents in terms of determining personality and success. Early thinkers such as Descartes and Plato would argue that our personalities are genetically predisposed, while John Locke, a highly influential 17th century philosopher, would argue that our mind is a tabula rasa, a blank slate that gets “carved” by our early childhood experiences. In the novel Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell essentially joins both opposing perspectives together and examines the different ways people attain success through arbitrary elements such as luck, childhood experiences, cultural legacies, and even birth date. The idea of success can be subjective, but overall, it is an accomplishment that
One’s outlook on a situation often affects the outcome. For example, in the story “Three Skeleton Key” written by George Toudouze, the fates of the main characters are heavily determined by their reaction to problems. The character Le Gleo’s approach to problems was pessimistic, he often jumped to conclusions and was easily frightened. This later sealed his fate later on, when he eventually lost hope and went insane.
In 1957 Leon Festinger developed a theory that refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors which produces a feeling of discomfort which in turn makes the person alternate one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to rid the discomfort. This suggests that people are driven to avoid discomfort and inconsistency and make a change in order to balance their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. This theory that Festinger came up with is known as the cognitive dissonance theory and has been around for over half a century. An example of this theory is if a person knows they have to lose weight in order to be healthy which would be their cognition but they do not like to exercise which is their behavior then they will have to change their behavior by starting to exercise in order to be consistent with their belief that they want to lose weight.
Often, when they do something ‘bad’ or ‘unsuccessful’ one will remember it more lucidly and compare it to their own ‘good’ or ‘successful’ actions in a similar circumstance. Like everything, there are advantages and disadvantages to this phenomenon. The benefits of the self-serving bias include guarding against depression, upholding a confident self-image, and appreciating the remarkable moments and accomplishments in life. However, this spectacle is known as
Cognitive Dissonance Theory was developed by social psychologist Leon Festinger. The theory was first introduced in his 1957 book A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance and further elaborated in the article Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance (Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959). Cognitive Dissonance refers to the discomfort that is felt when a person has two beliefs that conflict with each other, or when they are engaging in a behavior that conflicts with their values. The theory proposes that this discomfort motivates people to relieve the tension in one of two ways: (1) by changing their beliefs to align with their behavior; or (2) by changing their behavior to align with their beliefs (Oduh, 2016). Crucial to the theory is the idea that cognitive dissonance always results in some kind of change.
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of how human beings process information. It is a sub discipline of psychology which explores both mental and internal processes including memory, attention, perception, motivation, problem solving, decision making, conceptual development and reasoning. Until early twentieth century, the most dominant school of thought in psychology was behaviourism. After 1950 till the late twentieth century, the focus shifted to mental processes like attention, perception, problem-solving etc. This period was called the cognitive revolution.
They develop based on a variety of factors including our genetics, environment, and experiences. Furthermore, our mindset is not the only thing that matters because there are some things it cannot do for us. It cannot replace competence nor can it change the facts. Our attitudes cannot substitute for personal growth nor will they stay good automatically.
It is said thoughts are things. If you are negative, you will attract negativity and the reverse is true. You need to the correct mindset to be able to ascribe to the millionaire status in your life. The brain is the most powerful asset in your body.
People with internal locus of control (ILOC) generally believe that events in their life derive from their own actions, whereas people with external locus of control (ELOC) are unable to control their outcomes and praise or blame the external factors only like luck, chance, destiny etc. Individuals having ILOC are known as ‘internals’ and ELOC as ‘externals’ (Amina, 2016). Internals put effort to mprove their skills for future success, but it is absent in case externals, as they feel the future outcome will be determined by luck, fate etc. (Darley and Lim,
This belied influences our productivity, as people with a non-limited theory of self-control have a better ability to self-regulate than people with a limited theory. Another example of the lay theories is the perceptions of self as either flexible or stable. This perception could hugely affect our wellbeing. Those who perceive themselves as having a stable, non-flexible identity, have lower well-being levels when conflicted identities are activated (Rabinovich & Morton, 2016). Overall, previous work demonstrates that lay theories that seem abstract at the first look could have important implications for our everyday
Living in a society with a false reality of self-image frighten people to look beyond the unknown in discovering their earthly talent that plays its part in the world, so they stay in the
A successful mindset is the cornerstone of success in wealth creation. Without the right wealth creation mindset, negativity and lack of confidence pervade and eventually overtake the individual. A lack of the right mindset is one of the key reasons why people fail at wealth creation or fail to even try. What Is The Right Wealth Creation Mindset?
