LIVER ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The liver is located in the region of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen (usually does not exceed the limit of the costal margin), filling the space of the diaphragmatic dome, where it can reach up to the fifth rib, and is related to the heart through the center phrenic, to the left of the inferior vena cava. It is usually soft and palpable, and is covered by a fibrous capsule. This fibrous capsule applies peritoneum mainsail liver surface (except liver bare area). Is divided into four lobes macroscopically: 1. Right lobe, the most voluminous. 2. Left Lobe, spread over elestómago. 3. Square, at the base, smaller than the others, between the gallbladder fossa and the round ligament. 4. caudate lobe, on the …show more content…
Relations with the diaphragm and heart liver supplement neighboring organs. The base of the liver opens into the hepatic hilum, which is but the entrance area of the omentum (omentum) lower with the portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct outlet. The omentum (omentum) lower (fixed at a protrusion of the lower side omental called tuber) lining the bottom of the grooves of the base of the liver (venous ligament sulcus, groove round ligament) and reaches the rear edge of the bottom face where the peritoneum overlying coating passes the diaphragm and the back wall forming hepatorenal ligament. Ahead of the peritoneum lining the diaphragmatic surface to its upper limit, where jumps take the abdominal surface of the diaphragm. Between the two folds of peritoneum onto the surface of the liver to the diaphragm is comprised bare surface of the liver, an area in which the peritoneum covering the liver capsule. In this area the inferior vena relates receives liver and the hepatic veins. The diaphragmatic surface is the falciform ligament, which extends up to the umbilical area. On the free edge runs the round ligament of the liver (remnants of the embryonic umbilical vein). The rest of the umbilical vein join the periumbilical subcutaneous veins radiating from the umbilicus, which drain into the external iliac vein and inferior vena finally. In pathological cases with portal hypertension, …show more content…
The nerve supply also comes from her celiac plexus innervating the liver mixture of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. These ribs reach the liver by the hepatic artery. Liver Physiology The liver performs many functions in the body such as: • Production of bile: The liver excretes bile to the bile duct and thence to the duodenum. Bile is necessary for digestion of food. • Carbohydrate metabolism: • Gluconeogenesis: The formation of glucose from certain amino acids, lactate and glycerol. • Glycogenolysis: The formation of glucose from delglucógeno. • Glucogenosíntesis: The synthesis of glycogen from glucose. • Elimination of insulin and other hormones. • Lipid Metabolism: • Cholesterol synthesis. • Production of