Any criminal activity using a computer either as a tool, medium or as a victim is Cyber Crime. This paper deals with online frauds which have multifaceted effects. The wide range of digital frauds include phishing, romance scams, investment scams, job racketing, financial fraud, identity theft, malware etc.The fraudsters use different technologies such as key logging, malware, social engineering to commit such crimes. The victims of online frauds generally have financial,psychological and emotional impact on their life. Online frauds not only affects the individual but also have an impact on the society. The Norton 's report on Impact of Cyber Crime on Consumers, said that "India is among the world 's top 5 countries with the highest number of incidents of cyber crime like ransom ware (11%), identity theft (11%) and phishing (9%). India appears to be the ransom ware capital of Asia Pacific". Hence, this paper deals with the causes, effects of online frauds and the measures to be taken by the stakeholders, especially police to reduce the risk of exposure of individuals to online frauds.
PESTELO Factors
i) Political
The fraudsters usually pose themselves as businessmen, students from other countries especially Nigeria. They come to India on a short visit, commit crime and flee away. A ban cannot be imposed on Nigerians from entering a democratic country like India as it will affect the bilateral relationship between the countries. Eg. STRUXNET is the best example of
FACULY OF NATURAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
NAME OF STUDENT : S. GANGATA
STUDENT NUMBER : 213240300
MODULE : DATA STRUCTURES
MODULE CODE : CSI22M2
TASK : ASSIGNMENT #1
TOPIC : ROLE OF DATA STRUCTURES
QUALIFICATION : B Sc. COMPUTER SCIENCE
DUE DATE : 04-08-2015
LECTURER : MR L. TINARWO
1. Stack
Properties
(Weiss, 1992) In a stack insertion and deletion are performed only in one position called the top. Operations of the stack are push, and push is the same as to insert, and pop which deletes is an element that is recently inserted.
This criminal act became more frequent with the colonization’s of the America. Smugglers were able to sail across foreign lands and bring back the goods and trade without paying taxes which angered the rich government. Most of the smugglers were associated with groups or gangs, which made it difficult to stop them because they became challenging groups, almost like the mafia. Most of the smugglers were fisherman by trade who were either too poor to pay the fines linked with being sentenced, or too old to be forced into the Royal Navy if convicted. (Chin, 2010), “England was one of the largest smuggling centers during this Era.
People anonymous in a large group by the help of internet. Most people don’t know how they get the information online or who has access the information about them. Another example is that people aggressive in a large group. People who is aggressive always leading to rude, racist and may lead to bullying online. When people are anonymous, they want to know about that person and maybe they will find them and kill them.
The rapid proliferation of information technology has led to a significant rise in the number of people who use the internet in one way or another. With the growth in the number of persons who have an internet connection; certain individuals have begun to exploit this resource through the unethical practice of Identity theft. As more and more individuals are posting their personal information online, cybercriminals are stealing this information with the aim of assuming the victim's identity so as to either obtain financial advantage or benefits that are associated with the victim (Jewkes, 2013).
The act of stealing other people's identity cannot be considered as ethical because it violates the victim's right to privacy.
Cyber threats continue to plague governments and businesses around the world. Cyberwarfare is Internet-based conflict involving politically motivated attacks on information and information systems. Normally there are two purposes of Cyberwarfare, espionage or sabotage. Cyberwarfare attacks can disable official websites and networks, disrupt or disable essential services, steal or alter classified data, and cripple financial systems. Cyber operations can also aide military operations, such as intelligence gathering and information warfare.
There was no such thing as worldwide web to provide instant access to information. Now internet is almost everywhere and changing our live.
This research paper will focus on social engineering attacks taking place in the digital realm and addresses the following questions. What social engineering is?
There are several reasons which lead to cyberbullying
One of the causes is people who have been bullied in the past want to do the same with others. When these victims have experienced being bullied, they may seek revenge, in other words, they want someone who is weaker than them to suffer their trauma. In addition, this action is a justification for the time when cyberbullying-victims have been tormented and harassed. By cyberbullying others, they may feel better for themselves but that is just a temporary sense of relief.
Every day on the news there are all kinds of reports. Crime reports are a major part of today's events. Almost every day there are posts about crimes. The level of crime has risen immensely in every corner of the world. People have tried to understand the causes of crime, but if we look around the world we can see that many of the crimes are caused by people who abuse drugs and alcohol, people who think negatively towards others, and poverty.
