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White Collar Crime Report

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White-collar crimes refer to a large range of frauds committed by business or government officials. These crimes are usually financially driven and non-violent, but it is not victimless. White-collar crimes can still destroy a company; harm family relations and cost money to individuals who are not involved in the incident. According to the Federal Investigation of Bureau (2015), this term was first introduced in 1939; as crimes committed by individuals who are trusted and obtain high position in his/her occupation. Common white-collar crimes in Hong Kong include fraud, money laundering and embezzlement etc. Imprisonment, fines, community service or probation are typical sentencing of white-collar crimes in Hong Kong. White-collar crimes are …show more content…

There are 3 types of strain that could lead to crime, the failure to achieve positively valued goal, the removal or expected removal of positively valued stimuli and confronting or expecting to confront to negative stimuli (Payne, 2013). For the strain as failure to achieve positively valued goal, it might be the fact that there is differences between fair outcomes and the actual outcomes, meaning that an individual is not being treated justly. There might also be difference between achievements and expectations as well. In white-collar crime cases, it might due to the fact that the worker contributed a lot of effort to the company but not receiving logical rewards. For the strain as removal or expected removal of positively valued stimuli, it could lead to delinquency. Possible examples might be losing a close friend at work hence lessen the emotional support received at company, or as a mean to maintaining the job status as they already invested so much in the career. Hence, the fear of falling is actually common in workplace. Thirdly, the strain as confronting or expecting to confront negative stimuli means that people are experiencing negative life events. Possible situations would be sexual or verbal abuse at work. The negative working environment will affect the possibility of crime …show more content…

The strain theory is considered as one of the strongest theory supporting the causes of criminal behavior, but is the theory suitable for explaining white-collar crime? Indeed, the general strain theory provided an insight to stressors in micro level and predicted possible outcomes, but is it effective in explaining complex level corporate crime? Langton and Piquero (2007) conducted a research to study whether general strain theories correlates with white-collar crime of different types. In order to measure strain, index with 6 variables are adopted, such as number of legal marriages, academic performance etc. The principles of general strain theory are being examined; the first focus is the relationship between strain and motivation. It was suggested that negative emotions will lead to crime, and those of the white-collar crimes are different from that of street crimes. It was found that negative emotions are significant predictor of financial motives (Langton and Piquero, 2007). As most of the white-collar crimes are associated with monetary gains, strains should be related to concern in financial areas, it seems that general strain theory is indeed effective in predicting personal level crime. The relationship between strain and white collar offending is investigated and find that general strain theory is better at predicting white-collar crime that is less

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People commit crimes for various reasons and many different factors contribute to a person’s mental state and behavior. There are numerous theories that attempt to explain why individuals and particular groups of people become criminals. Psychologist and psychiatrist use science and research to attempt to determine a person’s deviant behavior. A person’s mental state usually contributes to the causation of the types of crimes that they commit. The main character in the movie “Bernie” demonstrates characteristics that fit into the frustration-aggression theory, modeling theory, and behavior theory.

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While a few theories are not as regular, others have developed and are utilized as a part of numerous criminal reviews today. Cutting edge criminologists consolidate the most important aspects of sociology, psychology, anthropology, and biological theories to advance their comprehension of criminal behavior. Rational choice theory, psychological, biological, and strain theory are used to analyze the

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The strain theory implies that crime may occur because of the stress or frustration placed on people when

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1440 Words | 6 Pages

Agnew’s General Strain Theory in There Are No Children Here Introduction Throughout this semester, we have covered various criminological theories along with their strengths and limitations. These theoretical perspectives provide possible explanations to why individuals commit crimes. In addition to, these theories are indirectly woven within cultural objects such as song lyrics, movies, books, and television.

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1206 Words | 5 Pages

Within the past couple of decades, criminologists have developed different criminological theories that apply to the social behaviors and decisions of criminals. One of the earliest theories developed regarding criminality is the rational choice theory, in which describes the rationalization of determining if the rewards from committing the crime outweigh the consequences. In Scarver’s case, his decision to engage in criminal activities outweighed the potential consequences, or the other alternatives if he did not engage in such criminal activities. In addition to the rational choice theory, Scarver’s criminality can be related to the social disorganization theory, which describes the influence of one’s social and physical environment on one’s decision to commit a crime. Lastly, the strain theory can be related to Scarver’s criminality as well, as it is used to describe an individual who lacks the means to obtain such goals, and aspirations, so therefore, he or she engages in criminal activities to acquire the goals.

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531 Words | 3 Pages

There are all kinds of white-collar crimes include a wide variety of offenses: employee theft, land fraud, embezzlement, medical malpractice, false advertising, price-fixing, charity scams, and government fraud. White-collar crime is the most economically expensive crime in contemporary American society. White- collar crime is strongly related to declining trust and confidence in corporations and government, and safety violations and the distribution of unsafe products result in the death and serious injury of more than 100,00

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1048 Words | 5 Pages

a. Use Strain Theory to define and explain the following: i. The theft of a loaf of bread by a hungry person Using strain theory, the theft of a loaf of bread by a hungry person can be explained as a situation where an individual employs different means of success of getting fed, one that is against the agreeable ways in the society of getting money and feeding themselves. ii. Alcoholics Using strain theory, an alcohol has ultimately rejected the society’s goals of conforming to the societal values such as happiness and a stable job, such an individual essentially rejects the goals because they have been ultimately been unable to live up to the society’s standards. iii.

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929 Words | 4 Pages

Timothy Brezina analyses the development of general strain theory by reviewing classical theories and it addresses the limitation of those theories. It goes in-depth to explain different strain theories and their founders such as Merton, Cohen, and Cloward and Ohlin who were influential through the 20th century. The source also explains the relationship between strain and offending and offers an extensive list of references. Iratzoqui, Amaia (04/2018).

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1831 Words | 8 Pages

CHOICES “White collar crime” refers to those offenses that are anticipated to generate fiscal gain using some form of dishonesty. This type of crime is usually committed by people in the commercial world who, as a result of their employment position, are able to get a hold of large amounts of other people’s money. “White collar crime” does not involve forceful, drug-related, or blatantly illicit activities. In fact, perpetrators are typically involved in otherwise lawful industries and may hold respectable positions in the community prior to the discovery of their fraudulent schemes. The slogan “white collar crime” was made up in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland during a dialog which he gave to the American Sociological Society.

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1058 Words | 5 Pages

Crime can be defined as an illegal action committed by people and that action is punishable by law. There are many reasons that drive people to commit crime. Some of them would be poverty, depression and other social and mental disorders. For this paper, I chose to write about the Greyhound Bus beheading case. There are many theories that would explain why Vincent Li (the murderer) committed the crime.

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In this view, there are many different moralities, which compete to become law. In several ways, this theory seems to match strain theory better than the consensus theory. As discussed previously, strain theory suggests that when goals become impossible to achieve through accepted means (defined by laws) crime is likely to occur. But why do these means fall short? It could simply be a natural consequence of society, or it could be a result of lawmakers, who are generally rich and powerful, seeking to protect their wealth by limiting the upward mobility of the economically disadvantaged.

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2124 Words | 9 Pages

In 1985 Robert Agnew a sociologist come to an interest of studying the theory and finds a potential for the theory in explaining several causes of crime in society, but due to its limitation he developed and reformulated the theory to widen its dimension or scope. After revising the theory he come up into General strain theory of crime and builds its foundation in 1992. General strain theory argues that frustrations and anger leads someone to deviance and may result into committing a crime (Agnew, 1992). GST defines strains as negative life events and conditions which are commonly disliked by the people who experience it or negative experiences of a person in a given group (Agnew, 1992; 2001; 2006). Strain is often classified in two distinct types, the Objective Strain and the Subjective Strain.

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1315 Words | 6 Pages

Violent Crimes: Street Versus White-Collar Crimes in the United States such as burglary and robbery roughly cost four billion a year. According to safeguard the world only seventeen percent of the homes in U.S. have a security system. “The New York Times” Street crime is a loose term for any criminal offense in a public place. White-Collar crime is non-violent crimes committed by business or government professionals for financial gain. Street crime vs. White-collar crime is controversial because street crime is more out in the open and it is most common.

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912 Words | 4 Pages

White collar crime is an organized crime committed by person of higher socioeconomic status in the course of their business, occupation, or profession (Sutherland, 2002). It was introduced to the Criminal Justice system in 1939, but was overlooked by many people because they never noticed it was happening. White collar crime has been taking place in America for a long time and is summed up as lying, cheating and stealing. There are numerous types of white collar crimes such as bribery, bank fraud, embezzlement, and insurance fraud to name a few (National Check Fraud Center, 2011). One case that we all know of, Enron, not only wiped out lifesavings, but cost investors billions of dollars.

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1883 Words | 8 Pages

Criticism of Merton’s Strain Theory One critique of the strain theory is how it overemphasis the position of the social class in regards to crime and deviance. As we know, the strain theory applies mainly to the American lower class as they struggle the most. Our lower class are faced with the lack of resources to help them reconcile their goals. However, by looking at the variation of deviant and criminal behavior, the strain theory does not adequately account for any type of crimes besides the normal street or neighborhood crimes.

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