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Cdc Health Care System Advantages And Disadvantages

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-Capitation: A type of payment method with a fixed per capita that is made to health care providers by a care group management for medical services which being provided for individuals. In this case, care providers are assuming the financial risks. Those with coverages under the Affordable Care Act rely heavily on capitation. Under this payment method, health insurance companies pay the providers a set amount of money over a period (each month) to see number of patients. For example, insurance companies are to pay $50/patient for 50 patients/month. Whether the provider sees all 50 patients in that month or not, the provider will still be paid $50/patient for 50 patients. The disadvantage with that is if the providers are seeing more than 50 …show more content…

According to CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report, 2011, there’s a substantial inadequate and unhealthy housing, the lack of access to health care strongly related to poor health outcomes (“Facts Sheet – CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities – U.S., 2011”, 2011). For example, children and elderly of non-Hispanic Whites had higher influenza vaccination coverages between 2009 and 2010 comparing with non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. In comparison between non-Hispanic White women and non-Hispanic Black women, the mortality rate is higher in non-Hispanic Black women, meanwhile, the morbidity rate is lower than non-Hispanic White women. This is due to the delay in diagnosing breast cancer for non-Hispanic Black women. At the same (lowest) education level, infants born to non-Hispanic White women have a lower death rate comparing to non-Hispanic Black women. Socioeconomic status in a closer definition doesn’t necessary define income level, in fact, wealth is an economic indicator in racial disparities. Seventy percent of White families own their homes (wealth) comparing to non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic families. Considering income and employment statuses, the financial hardships non-Hispanic Blacks face result in other stressors which will affect …show more content…

lung cancer, oral cancer, death). This type of program is tailored to motivate smokers to quit and change behaviors. A decrease in sick days at work will increase productivity at work which is a result of increases of income. Another example, raising taxes on tobacco products is a population-based prevention effort as it is a result in improving the health of the entire population. Increasing taxes of tobacco products will make products to be less affordable for the population.
-Universal strategies in population-based prevention efforts apply to all individuals regardless of age, gender, class, education level, employment status, and income level. This strategy provides basic medical services to all citizens. Because it is universal, costs remain the challenge, however, university is fully funded by the public and politic figures.
-With targeted strategies, it is to focus on a “targeted” sub-group, or specific individual/place and not the entire population. Income level and employment status are a few selection criteria (“National Collaborating Center for Determinants of Health”, 2013). Unlike universal strategies, targeted has a lower total cost with less financial support. Not all individuals may be enrolled in targeted due to specific selection criteria. Though, meeting the selection criteria, individuals and families may not be eligible entirely if circumstances

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Case Study 2: What Race Has to Do with Breast Cancer Health disparities among difference race groups continue to be a public health concern. Some races have higher chances of being diagnosed to certain types of serious health conditions as opposed to others. In the United States, African-American women continue to have the highest rates of breast cancer, and at higher risk of being diagnosed at a more advance stage of breast cancer. Although, research has demonstrated that biology and genes can put an individual at a higher risk of cancer, researchers are now identifying outside factors that are affecting many more women. For example, an article released by Time “What Race Has to Do with Breast Cancer” social and culture factors, such as social economic status, can greatly determine the health risk outcome.

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Health disparities is not only a Clayton County issue but a national issue as well. Consequently, Healthy People 2020 initiated a decisive goal to reduce health disparities among all Americans by the year 2020. One of this goals of Healthy People 2020 is the reduction of infant mortality rate among Americans to a target goal of 6.0 deaths per 1,000 live births.1 In 2015, infant mortality rates for black non-Hispanics were 2.2 times that of white non-Hispanics. As it relates to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) black non-Hispanics mothers were 2 times greater than that of white non-Hispanics mothers.

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Sometimes, if the lower income family does have insurance, it does not cover the evaluations and they are very expensive for out of pocket payment. Currently, in some states there are very limited options for people who have Medicaid for their primary insurance. If a psychologist does take Medicaid, the waiting list can be months, even years. It has been established that if a state has better reimbursement schedules, then treatment is more readily available. With the opposite being true with lower reimbursement rates (Thomas, Parish, Rose, & Kilany, 2012).

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After that limit, you will have to pay for your medications until you have spent $4,350 out of

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Different people may criticize adoption of the system but their points have weak foundations. From different perspectives, such arguments tend to support the inefficiency that is persistent in most healthcare facilities. Application of the systems is seen to take of everyone’s welfare while improving the economy of the country. Moreover, success in other developed countries shows that the system is not difficult to apply. The government also needs to consider issues such as viewing of healthcare access by individuals as a right.

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The effects can be made through claiming through managed care by the organization. The managed care for the delivery and principles of finances, the patients and physicians must follow the policies and procedure of the health plans. The drug benefits in a pharmacy can be reduced in costs from 40 % to 10% comparing to people who are members and the non-members. The reimbursement if any the mechanism should be used by the MCOs that are effective. The MCOs should make sure that as much as the cost is low the services should be of a quality to make the patient keep coming.

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Discussion The combined effects of inequality and structural racism indicators at risk of SGA birth income were examined and found that the structural racism, assessed against racial inequalities in education, employment, and prison was strongly associated with the birth of SGA when It occurred in combination with high income inequality. Relations were not explained by state differences in poverty or absolute individual differences in demographic characteristics or factors of biological or behavioral risk. When co-occur at high levels, the combined effects of income inequality and structural racism increased risk of SGA birth almost 2 times. This effect was not influenced by race, implying that the deleterious context of high inequality of

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African American Reparations: A Conceptual Research Aims and Objectives Racial differences in socioeconomic status (education, income, occupation, health) are well-documented. Research by Gaskin, Headen, and White-Means (2005) found that black people have a higher rate of cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, and diabetes compared to the rest of the population. They are less likely to receive optimal care for their health conditions, therefore, they are more likely to die from their diseases. Furthermore, black people are three times more likely to live in poverty than white people, and their median household earnings are significantly lower than whites. Slavery, Jim Crow laws, and other forms of discrimination contributed to African Americans’

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One focus of eliminating this gap in access to healthcare should exclusively put efforts towards improving the financial situations in families with lower SES. This is squarely on the state of the U.S. economy as well as state and local economies. However, the fact that financial recourses increase does not necessarily translate to better health care and lifestyle decisions. That comes with educating the community and providing a variety of resources to impact the decision-making, which has, in some cases has been passed from generation to generation.

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The authors addressed the birth disparity outcomes between the African American and White population. They stated that racial discrimination interconnects with income disparities, poverty, cultural isolation, stress, etc., As a result of these factors the African Americans still have the highest rate of infant mortality in the nation, and the African American babies die before the first birthday twice the rate comparing to White babies. Greg, R., Alexander, Michael, D. Kogan, & Nabukera, S. (2000).

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In recent times, the subject of health disparities has attracted a lot of attention through the media report in both local and national level.in this essay, the health condition of African American will be discussed in this in the following areas as their health status, barriers to health, diverse population and disparities, and health promotion approach to improving this situation. Health Status: According to the 2014 National Health Interview Survey, 13.5% of all African Americans have less than average health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014a). Averagely, the African-American have higher prevalence of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension compared to the national ratio. Further study reveals that 48

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The third payment plan varies and is dependent on the plan that they are using. Because the medical industry works to become more and more accurate in all medical terms, it is necessary for patients being just as accurate when applying (2015). This way, clients will get just the health plan they need. Another prominent health plan is Medicaid.

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These factors increase the minority groups of being uninsured, lack of health care accessibility, receive poorer quality care and experiencing worse health outcomes, including low income individuals and black people (Ubri & Artiga, 2016). In United States, the healthcare disparities are very obvious and it can be clearly seen between urban and rural

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Hispanics had inferior access to care than non-Hispanic Whites for 5 of 6 core measures. Also, Poor people had inferior access to care than high-income people for all 6 core measures (Stone,

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The healthcare sector is expected to continue with its accelerated growth momentum and by 2020 it is expected to reach $ 280 billion [5]. As per 2015 data, no. of beds to population ratio is just 0.09% and no. of physicians to population ratio is 0.07%. Comparatively bed to population ratio is 0.38% and no. of physician to population is 0.19%. The numbers are similar for US and UK [9].

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