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Chapter 9.2 Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9.2 Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration as assignment plz give the details one
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During this experiment, mitochondria were isolated from 20.2 grams of cauliflower using extraction buffer, filtration through Miracloth, and centrifusion. Twelve samples containing various volumes of mitochondrial suspension, assay buffer, DCIP, sodium azide, and citric acid cycle intermediates were prepared to be read by a spectrophotometer. The inclusion of the dye DCIP allowed for the absorbance of the reactions between the mitochondrial suspension and the TCA cycle intermediates succinate, malonate, and oxalate to be measured, as DCIP turns from blue to colorless as the activity of succinate dehydrogenase increases. Experimental Findings Increasing the number of mitochondria in the reaction did increase the reduction of DCIP relative to the amount of mitochondrial suspension present.
The stomata are the most critical piece to this process, as this is where CO2 enters and can be stored, and where water and O2 exit. Cellular respiration also known as oxidative metabolism is important to convert biochemical energy from nutrients in the cells of living organisms to useful energy known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Without cellular respiration living organisms would not be able to sustain life. This process is done by cells exchanging gases within its surroundings to create adenosine triphosphate commonly known as ADT, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. This process is done through numerous reactions; an example is metabolic pathway.
Given the Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb's Cycle or Tricarboxylic acid, an overall decrease in the ATP production in mitochondria can be caused by deficiency of succinyl coenzyme A synthethase).This enzyme act on the conversion of of the succinyl group to succinate. Decrease in ATP levels can be seen in the substrate-level phosphorylation of converting succinyl CoA to succinate. No, the entire cycle will not be functional resulting to acidosis. The cells would choose to produce lactic acid as means of obtaining ATP.
The process described in this chapter is called cellular respiration because it involves cells using O2 and releasing CO2, just like how animals breathe to survive. My answer might indicate that scientists already knew about respiration in animals, meaning they knew animals take in O2 and expel CO2 in breathing, when they first observed cellular respiration. Since all steps of cellular respiration are closely connected, there would be a lot of problems if glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, or the electron transport chain were not working. Glycolysis involves a six-carbon glucose molecule splitting into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules and results in energy being harvested into NADH and ATP.
Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down molecules to receive chemical energy for cell functions and takes place in the cells of animals, plants, and fungi, and also in algae and other protists however what is being discussed more specifically is aerobic respiration, a catabolic molecule that consume oxygen and organic molecules, producing adenosine triphosphate. The term cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but however is commonly used as a synonym to aerobic respiration. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of most cells and is an important process of life itself. In an abridged explanation, cellular respiration converts organic molecules, and oxygen into energy, water and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugers or other organic compounds that occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.
1) The Tricarboxylic acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. This cycle is also known as the Kreb’s Cycle. The first step in this cycle is when the pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A to create acetyl-CoA. During this process, the NAD+ receives 2 electrons and a hydrogen ion is then given away during this as well to form NADH. The second step is the acetyl CoA gives the acetyl group away to oxaloacetate to form citrate. Once this is done, the CoA is finally delivered into the matrix of the mitochondrial.
The Effect of Sugar Concentration on CO2 Production by Cellular Respiration in Yeast Introduction In this lab, our main focus was to find how sugar concentration affect yeast respiration rates. This was to simulate the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to transfer energy from the organic molecules in food to ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate). Glucose, CO2, and yeast (used as a catalyst in this experiment) are a few of the many vital components that contribute to cellular respiration.
The foods that you eat can affect the efficiency of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration needs the nutrients that you supply your body with through eating to occur. The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis, then the Krebs cycle, and then the electron transport train, all of which require glucose in order to occur. So if a person eats a lot of sugar, then they will have a lot of glucose for the body to utilize and cellular respiration will be very efficient. However, if somebody is eating less sugars due to a diet or medical problem, then there will be less glucose for your body to use for cellular respiration and therefore, the three steps of cellular respiration will not be able to occur as much because of the lack of glucose,
Therefore pyruvate must be oxidised to yield Acetyl-CoA and CO2 which is carried out by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PHD). This is a complex structure that consist of a cluster of enzymes found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This reaction is called the oxidative decarboxylation. It is an irreversible oxidative process. Here the carboxyl group is removed from the pyruvate as a molecule of C02 and the remaining two carbons are used to become the acetyl group in the Acetyl-CoA. Therefore pyruvate C3 is converted to acetate c2.
Then, tests are performed to determine if the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are present in the flasks. The citric acid cycle consists of a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of ATP (Biology). The tests detect the presence of carbon dioxide and ethanol. Carbon dioxide should be present irrespective of the type of respiration taking place, but ethanol is present only if fermentation has occurred. Another factor that can indicate whether fermentation occurred or cellular respiration occurred is the amount of glucose utilized during incubation.
With the presence of NAD+, malate will then be transported into cytosol and will be converted back into oxaloacetate. The conversion will then reduces NAD+ into NADH and H+. The conversion from oxaloacetate into malate serve to move NAD+ from mitochondria into cytosol which is important in gluconeogenesis to proceed. In conclusion of this reaction, pyruvate carboxylase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate into oxaloacetate in TCA cycle. But oxaloacetate needed to be converted into malate first before it can exit the mitochondria.
Exercise Intensity on Cellular Respiration measured through Heart Rate and CO2 Production Background Research Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 >>> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP When examining the effects of exercise on cellular respiration, we can assess three main bodily functions: carbon dioxide production, heart rate and breathing rate, all telling us of an increase in cellular respiration. We can only directly measure the CO2 output that is a direct result of cellular respiration, we can use all of these fields of measurement to show that exercise uses more or less energy than rest, answering the question. Cellular respiration takes one glucose or sugar (C6H12O6), and six oxygen (6O2) to produce 36 ATP, essentially units of energy and release
The pyruvate molecules that were created in glycolysis are then sometimes fermented into lactic acid. Lactic acid can be used to transform lactose into lactic acid, for example in the making of yoghurt. This process is also used in animal muscles when they require extra energy in their tissue in order to run faster than oxygen can be given. C6H12O6 (glucose) > 2CH3CHOHCOOHc*lactic acid) is the net equation for glucose to lactic acid.
The vitamin C also has an active role in the detoxification of the by-products involved in the respiration process. During respiration,
Ventilation of a person through various activities Camila Gonzalez. This lab was made with the aim of proof that making different activities can alternate the ventilation rate, also is to see the variation of work our respiration system makes. We can see the different things and situations that can affect the normal process of ventilation and respiration, like the weather and the clothes that were limitations for doing this experiment because first the weather was so hot, so the person get tired early and began to ventilate faster and second the clothes wasn't appropriate for making the activities, because they also make weight and makes that the person get more tired. We use more than one person to make a comparison of the ventilation
