ipl-logo

Chromosomes Before Meiosis Chapter 1 Study Guide

1199 Words5 Pages

• Meio'is lead< to independent a,o,tnoent of chromo,ome< a9":f!.compo,ition of alleles in daughter eel/, o Chromosomes replicate in interphase before meiosis
• Interphase: ·
• Active period that precedes meiosis and includes preparation for cell division .
• DNA replicated in the "S" Phase of interphase
• This results in chromosomes having two identical DNA strands
• Genetically identical strands are called sister chromatids
• Held together by a centromere located at the center
• Chromatids separate during meiosis II
• They become independent chromosomes with each one ofthem made of a single DNA strand
• If DNA didn't take place before meiosis, there would be no need for 2nd meiotic division
• Meiosis I: Diploid to haploid
• DNA replication …show more content…

• Two haploid daughter cells are formed o Sister chromatids separate in meiosis ll
• Second division that separates sister chromatids
• Chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over in prophase I • Chiasmata formation between non-sister chromatids results in the exchange of alleles

o Crossing over is the exchange of DNA material between non-sister homologous chromatids
• When chiasmata is formed between the bivalents in prophase I, DNA is exchanged between the non-sister homologous chromatids
• Crossing over results in production of new allele combination on the chromosomes
• Recombinant chromosomes consist of genetic material from both homologues o Crossing over produces new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes of the haploid cells
• Genes may be linked or unlinked and are inherited accordingly o Gene loci are said to be linked if on the same chromosome
/
• Linkage group is a group of genes whose loci are on the same chromosomes and don't independently assort
• Linked genes tend to be inherited together
• Don't follow the normal dihybrid cross
• Phenotypic ratio is more closely assigned to monohybrid cross as two genes are inherited in a single unit
• Linked genes may become separated through

Show More
Related
852 Words | 4 Pages

The stages of Meiosis II are: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. Meiosis generates four haploid cells, which begins with the division of one diploid cell. Diploid means having two sets of chromosomes, and haploid means having half the number of genetic information as diploid (or one set). To begin, late interphase is the phase when the DNA in the diploid parent cell is replicated. Then, in prophase I, the chromatin condenses and the chromosomes become visible.

Read More
401 Words | 2 Pages

During random fertilization, no gamete has a greater chance than the other with fusing together in sperm and zygote fusion. These processes contribute to the production of genetic variety because of the many opportunities of unique combinations, unlike the process of mitosis, in which identical daughter cells are always the

Read More
910 Words | 4 Pages

The same region is also amplified on both chromosomes, however they are different sizes, which are then put into gel

Read More
549 Words | 3 Pages

During the first cycle of replication in meiosis, Prophase is the same but crossing over occurs along side of the nuclear membrane dissolving, chromosomes developing, and the spindle fibers forming. Crossing over is the process in which homologous chromosomes from both parents pair up and exchange DNA. Also during metaphase and anaphase homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite sides. During this second cycle of replication the cells grows through Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, and its final cycle of cytokinesis which is the exact same as during mitosis. I will play a quick review of this process.

Read More
1464 Words | 6 Pages

It was used because of its rapid rate of reproduction, The objective of this lab was to determine whether the two crosses conducted fit the expected results of a 9:3:3:1 ratio, which could be done using the Chi Squared Test. The 9:3:3:1 ratio meant that the phenotypes of the F2 offspring would occur in a nine: three: three: one ratio- 9 would be wild-type or normal, 6 of the offspring would have one normal and one mutant characteristic and lastly one of the offspring would be a mutant for both phenotypes. Two distinct crosses were conducted during this experiment: one using red eyed, ebony bodied males and white eyed, brown bodied females as the F1 generation and the other cross using white eyed, brown bodied males and red eyed, ebony bodied females. Our hypothesis, or prediction was that crossing offspring from the F1 generation, or the F2 progeny would fit the expected outcome of a 9:3:3:1 ratio as

Read More
530 Words | 3 Pages

Reciprocal cross is referred to females possessing the dominant allele that are mated with males possessing the recessive allele and females possessing the recessive allele that are mated with males possessing the dominant allele. We first had to isolate virgin fruit flies from the existing fly populations and then perform a reciprocal cross of the two populations. The reciprocal cross consisted of cross A- male's (+) wild type and females (wmf) mutant type. Cross B consisted of males (wmf) mutant type and females (+) wild-type.

Read More
1818 Words | 8 Pages

There is only one cell which is able to survive in total of four cell which then develops into a female gametophyte. The pollination occurs in female gametophyte. Fertilization occurs after successful pollination in which one sperm cell will meet with the egg and will make a diploid embryo which will be surrounded by seed coat of tissue from the parent

Read More
1028 Words | 5 Pages

b). Mendel’s factors in inheritance and the separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis provide evidence that gene are carried on chromosome. The segregation of alleles in inheritance corresponds to the segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis. c). plant P genotype: TT and tt, F2: ¼ TT, ½ Tt, ¼ tt.

Read More
1581 Words | 7 Pages

This is because the different chromosomes that the genres are on are independently assorted into daughter cells during meiosis (Updegraff,

Read More
1393 Words | 6 Pages

The sister chromatids are pulled towards oppsite poles of the cell. (http://andrewhulse.weebly.com/archive-blog---life-in-room-213206209/archives/01-2014) Telophase:the chormatids are now called chormosomes. The nuclear envelope reforms arounds the two sets of chromosomes to form two new nuclei and in each nucleus the nucleolus reforms. The spindle fibres disappear and the chromosomes become uncoiled, elongated and are no longer visible.

Read More
943 Words | 4 Pages

A possible way to test if a chromosome segment was affected by an inversion is to analyze the pattern of synapsis and crossing over in

Read More
870 Words | 4 Pages

Meiosis is the procedure of two genes which originate from a mother and a father and the characteristics from the mother and father will be passed down to their offspring. The children will originate from both parents versus one parent; this procedure is called sexual multiplication. As indicated by Simon (2013) "every children of sexual multiplication acquires a one of a kind blend of qualities from its two parents, and this consolidated arrangement of genes projects a one of a kind mix of attributes. Accordingly, sexual proliferation can deliver gigantic assortment among offspring.

Read More
1225 Words | 5 Pages

For example, a red and white flower being crossbred will produce a pink flower. So, this means that the pink flower has genes of both red and white, but because both are dominant, they mix. For codominance, the prefix “co”, meaning together, translate to codominant alleles that dominate together. In this case, the distinct traits are both visible. So, instead of a pink flower being produced, a flower that expresses red and white spots is a result of codominance (Lubey,

Read More
2058 Words | 9 Pages

It was compared to the fact that females have two X chromosomes, whereas, compared to men, they only have one X and one Y chromosome. Consequently, genetic transmission should only occur through mothers with their X chromosomes. According to the authors, it explained that the genetic transmission should only come from the mother and that the chromosomal abnormality

Read More
1026 Words | 5 Pages

Russell (2010) claims that the change in the chromosomal number and structure form of wild type condition is known as chromosomal mutation (p. 464). The wild type chromosomal complement consists of 46, XY for males and 46, XX for females. Chromosomal mutation occurs during the meiosis and mitosis, where the chromosomes complement is not an exact copies of 23 pairs at the end of the cell division. Two different type of zygote: trisomic (2n+1) and monosomic (2n-1) respectively produce when such gametes fuse with the wild type (Kumar et al., 2005). Whereas the structural changes in chromosome which causes by deletions, duplications, inversions and translocation are known as chromosomal structure mutation (Russell,

Read More

More about Chromosomes Before Meiosis Chapter 1 Study Guide

Related Topics

Open Document