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Classical Conditioning Essay

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Psychology 221 Please describe an example of classical conditioning. Be sure to label the US, UR, CS, and CR. Can you think of an example in your life where classical conditioning has occurred? Classical conditioning is learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus generates a response that was initially generated by another stimulus(Krause & Corts, 2014). A great example of classical conditioning is the study of Pavlov’s Dogs conditioning for salivation. Pavlov knew that the meat powder causes the dog to salivate. In this experiment, Pavlov presented a sound generated by a metronome to the dogs, and right after, give meat powder to them(to make the impression that whenever the sound is made, then the dog will receive food).After a while, …show more content…

In school, many students become what their teachers expect them to become. In a study, Psychologist Rosenthal had the teachers in one elementary school give their students a test that was to predict which students were going to dramatically grow their I.Q. score during the school year. After the tests were collected, Rosenthal randomly picked a small group of students to be labeled as the “academic spurters”. Then, Rosenthal told the teachers that those certain group of students were for sure going to grow their I.Q. over the following year. The teachers had no idea that these students were chosen at random, so this claim was completely imaginary. Towards the end of the school year, Rosenthal retested every student’s I.Q. in the school and found that the particular students that were randomly selected as the “academic spurters” actually increased their I.Q.’s on an average of about 12 points, while the rest of the school only experienced an average of an 8 point increase(Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968). This shows that Rosenthal’s imposed self-fulfilling prophecy tricked the teachers into actually believing their students were destined for greater academic

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Hidden Intellectualism is an article written by Gerald Graff on the school system and how being street smart is better than being book smart. Graff fills most of the article with stories from his childhood and relating the issue back to himself. He starts the article by asserting that “…schools and colleges might be at fault for missing the opportunity to tap into such street smarts and channel them into good academic work.” Immediately Graff blames the school system for not providing a way for street smart students to be academically engaged. Graff goes on to talk about his childhood throughout most of the article and strongly relates his love of sports to how this love could be academically applied in a classroom.

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For that reason, Graff anticipates his readers and responds accordingly with strong evidence. Furthermore, Graff expects his audience to approve of his values and support his evidence by including an outside reference: “A rhetoric scholar, Gregory Colomb, has studied the disorientation experienced by a bright high school graduate who, after doing well in a humanities course, as a freshman at the University of Chicago, tries to apply her mastery to a social science course, only to come up with a grade of C” (Graff 342). In essence, both Graff and Colomb agree that students are smart, but there is too much of a disjunction between classes that causes students to underperform, therefore, smart students may fail due to the differences in our

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In The Achievement Habit, written by Bernard Roth, Roth showcases many of the human minds greatest weaknesses. Roth, a respected professor at the University of Stanford, teaches a “D. School” at Stanford. In this school, Roth now requires every student who enrolled read this book, which is now used all over the country for the exact reasons Roth wants. Roth expresses his opinions throughout the book but none of his opinions or quotes stick out more than his claim that “reasons are bullshit” (Roth 38). While the points and claims Roth makes doesn't make specifically make his audience weaker, it does prevent growing and getting stronger.

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Gerald Graff, a highly regarded English teacher at the University of Illinois at Chicago, writes this essay “Hidden Intellectualism” as1 an adaption from his book published in 2003 Clueless in Academe: How Schooling Obscures the Life of the Mind. Throughout the passage he argues that there are forms of intellectualism that surpass our societies views of being smart, and that our education system is not providing everyone with equal rights to use their skills. Gerald Graff’s is correct in his point of view because there are actually some young people who do not do well academically but excel in extra-curricular activities such as sports. These individuals may be said to possess a form of intellectualism that is concealed. This essay will critically

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One of the things that I’ve been classically conditioned to is, the sound on the Insidious movie. This is a conditioned stimulus. It is defined as “an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with and unconditioned stimulus” according to the book. The sound in the movie plays when something scary is going to happen. The first time I heard it was in the first movie, when the devil was playing the piano in a very freakish way.

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“Grant’s daily interactions with his students result in feelings of displacement and disillusionment. Grant compares his students to some of the older uneducated townsfolk and finds that his hours in the classroom make a little difference.” (Lockhart 83). Even though Grant is unhappy with where he is at in his life he still realizes that he still is making a change in his students they are becoming more intelligent than some of the older people in their

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Pavlov’s dog experiment is a base for the establishment of classical conditioning theory and its concepts. In classical conditioning, generalization is defined as the process in which a stimulus similar to the original CS produces similar behavior identical

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The goal of the usage of this fact is to show readers this common term does not reflect real traits of smart people and can be treated as an insult because of that. It is one of the few examples of Fridman’s appeals to readers’ logic. The essay is based on general data; the author mentioned schools and universities promote negative attitude to smart students: “Nerds are ostracized while athletes are idolized” (Fridman). But he did not use any statistical or science data to support his position. For example, Fridman could provide data about scholarships and other types of funding for sports and other activities.

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Many school systems have now begun to offer rewards to students who do well on test, writing papers, etc. The sole purpose of this method is to motivate kids to work harder in school on their exams and assignments. Although, this method seems to be a positive idea, it has become a controversial topic. While many think this idea encourages students to take the test more seriously, many others believe that the policy is unfair to students who struggle academically.

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Nevertheless, Pavlov 's theory of classical conditioning is somehow extreme, as it reduces

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Two students with the same IQ are separated in school by a whole letter grade due to the factor of self discipline. This suggests that grades could very possibly fail to measure intelligence but rather one’s

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INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

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