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Operant Vs Classical Conditioning

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Learning is a process, it starts from the moment we are born. As infants, we learn by seeing and touching, since we are not yet able to talk. As we grow, learning becomes a continuous process. According to Meyers (2014) , “one way we learn is by association, our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence” (pg.#). By linking two events that occur close together, we are exhibiting associative learning. This process of learning associations is conditioning, and it has two forms. This paper will briefly discuss more of how we learn and become conditioned in our thinking and responses.

As previously stated, conditioning is the process we learn by association. There are two forms of conditioning; classical and operant. In classical …show more content…

His objective was to demonstrate how we learn by associating stimuli to a certain response. For example, I typically take my lunch break around 12:30 pm. When I look at the clock and see that it is going on 12:00, my mind naturally starts thinking about food and anticipating eating. I associated this specific time of day with eating. These types of processes in classical conditioning are called stimuli. A stimulus is any event or situation that evokes a response.

The types of responses that Pavlov’s named in his experiments, unconditioned stimulus, in my case eating lunch is something expected, therefore this would be an unconditioned response. Neutral stimuli would refer to me seeing one of my co-workers passing me in the hallway with there lunch. A Conditioned response, would be me looking at the clock knowing that my lunch time is almost near and the conditioned stimulus is smelling food coming from the breakroom. …show more content…

Most of us are probably familiar with, but unaware of the impact they have on our daily lives. Some can have a positive effect, while others a negative effect. Both classical and operant conditionings are forms of associative learning. In both, we acquire behaviors that may later go away, and then spontaneously reappear. We have also seen that classical and operant conditioning are different. Through classical conditioning, we associate different events that we do not control, and we respond automatically. Through operant conditioning, we link our own behaviors that act on our environment to produce rewarding or punishing circumstances with its consequences. (Myers and DeWall,

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While reading chapter 5, Operant Conditioning, I found a lot of things that were new to me. For example, the “discovery” of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is the process whereby organisms learn to make responses to obtain or avoid certain outcomes. Operant conditioning is a deceptively simple-sounding process, but it can be used to train fantastically complex behaviors. In my lifetime, an example of this can be having chores and receiving an allowance for completing each.

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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Operant conditioning means that behaviors can be increased or decreased based on their consequences, therefor a reward can increase the frequency of a desired behavior, in this case toothbrushing (Sanderson, 2013). In my case I wanted to a short-term reward, so I decided I would reward myself at the end of each successful week. With my gathered information and knew knowledge, I began trying to change my health

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You see twenty dollar's fall out of a person's pocket, are you going to keep it for yourself or give it back to the unknowing person? The decision is your to make...not quite. In Lauren Slater's book, Opening Skinner’s Box, Slater studies B.F Skinner's experiments on reactions. In Slater's own research she meets Jerome Kagan who believes free will exist and even jumps under his desk to prove it. However, I disagree with Kagan's claim that by diving under his desk he is proving he has free will because he overlooks the fact that he was trained by his society to do so, people react based off operant conditioning and finally, determinism.

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It was around this time that Pavlov and Watson stated that the main piece of classical conditioning was the repeated pair of conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. Robert Rescorla stated instead that maybe is where the conditioned stimulus provides the info that allows the organism to predict the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus. Biological predispositions

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This 1970 film is based on true events in a French forest where a child is found who cannot walk, speak, read, or write (IMDb, n.d.). The film emphasizes the pain of adolescence as Dr. Jean Itard takes on the challenge of Victor, a non-verbal wild boy found abandoned in the woods (Rotten Tomatoes, 2018). Realizing the institute’s cruel methods, Dr. Itard brings Victor to his home to implement communication techniques through kindness and compassion towards Victor (Rotten Tomatoes, 2018). The film demonstrates the implications that an individual may face after experiencing social isolation for a majority of their lifetime. Classical conditioning suggests that everything from speech to emotional responses was simply patterns of stimulus and response (McLeod, 2014).

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Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.

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My coach for soccer has taught me how to play soccer from a young age and in order for my coach to be able to coach me successfully the coach would need a ball and soccer training methods. My version of playing soccer was just passing a ball and the soccer ball was the object I made an association with and when I was starting to take soccer seriously it meant I would need a coach and I did not know how a coach was and how it would enable me to be able to play soccer and it classical conditioning terms it would be called unconditioned association. The unconditioned stimuli (UCS), which is the coach, is going to enable me to emit a response which is to be able to play soccer and the behaviour I emit is known as the unconditioned response (UCR) because the coach has not yet taught me how to play soccer. When the coach starts coaching me to become a good soccer player, the coach moves from being the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to the neutral stimulus (NS), the coach becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) because she has been training me on a regular basis which results in my unconditioned response (UCR) becoming the conditioned response (CR) which is to play soccer the proper way by; passing, dribbling, defending and shooting.

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Conclusion Operant conditioning is a theory which was developed by an American psychologist named B.F. Skinner. This theory has been known as a learning process. It applies to four different methods, that consists of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. In this case positive is seen as something being added and negative as something being taken away.

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The major key findings that were discovered in this study include the idea that it is possible that after being conditioned to react to a certain stimulus, the subject could possibly begin to generalize different objects that may cause the subject to react the same way towards the generalized stimuli as the subject did to the original stimulus. Another finding is that classical conditioning is something that could potentially have a long lasting effect on someone, especially if the subject formed a generalization to the original stimulus. The researchers felt that because of the lack of experimental evidence provided about the subject before this experiment prompted them to research it

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Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. 2. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that

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INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

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