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Cocaine And Crack Research Paper

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Cocaine/Crack Use of the coca plant native to South America dates back to the early 1800’s and maybe even further back in time, when indigenous people, royalty, and high priests used to chew or suck on a leaf from the plant as an herbal stimulant to give them energy. It elevates dopamine and serotonin and gives a feeling of pleasure, it helps ease pain but also can stop the heart, damage heart tissue, cause high body temperature and stimulate the heart so much that it causes ventricular fibrillation.
In 1850 and Italian doctor develops the cocaine we know of today and sells it to a German pharmaceutical company. In 1863 cocaine arrives in the United States in “Mariani Wine”. It was a hit in America especially since it was endorsed by 3.000 physicians for its medicinal qualities. Mark Twain delivered it to Ulysses who then started adding it to mineral water beverages. It was how Coca-Cola was first developed, it contained cocaine and was advertised as not only a delicious fizzy drink but as a cure for headaches that also gave you energy. By the 1880’s cocaine was everywhere from major league baseball to the shipping docks with black workers who were given the drug so that they could work longer. Cocaine was also used to treat addicts of morphine, heroin, …show more content…

Army was testing MDMS for potential use as chemical warfare, the C.I.A. does the same with LSD. The problem was that the people that took the drug had very severe psychotic reactions, even causing schizophrenia in some of them. LSD is a drug that alters sensory perception by connecting all of the chemical messages relayed to and from every nerve cell in the brain to the body. During the normal function of the brain and nerves, each nerve delivers specific messages to specific nerves one at a time. This complete chaotic function of the nerve cells causes a person perceive something that is completely ordinary as being extremely

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As mentioned in Napoleons’ Button (Couteur and Burreson, 2003), ever since the discovery of penicillin, wound infection declines, saving plenty of lives, especially during the World War 2. The rapid advancement of drugs has indeed come a long way and even revolutionized the world. Drugs such as paracetemol helps to subside one’s fever and provide pain relief. On the other hand, drugs that are widely used illegally such as cocaine would be detrimental to one’s personal health when consumed. In any case, the mere existence of drugs is good in nature.

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Introduction Written and published in 2008 by Paul Gootenberg, History professor and Latin American studies at University of New York at Stony Brook, “Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global drug” retraces the pivotal stages of the illicit cocaine trafficking, starting from the boundless coca fields in Latin America to the chemistry laboratories in Europe up until the streets of U.S. cities. The aim of this book review is to provide the reader with a short but detailed insight of what is the main content of the book, by paying particular attention to its structure, objectivity and style. Scope & Organisation Adopting a meticulous chronological approach, Gootenberg describes the infamous and complex untold history of cocaine, analysing and

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Everyone knows that Nita is on hard drugs (cocaine). She will sleep with men for money. It was told to the reporter more than once that Nita would allow grown men to have oral sex with her child for drugs. The child would be hollering, probably because she does not like it. It was unknown if this is happening to the other child.

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Let’s look at the punishment related to crack cocaine use offenses and how they are that much more severe than the punishment for illicit use of prescription opioids. Through this research we will come to realize that the only real difference between the two is the skin color of the people using them. With a rapid increase of deaths related to the misuse of pain relief prescription medications there is a frenzy in the “white community”. However, this same type of sympathy was unheard of during the black crack cocaine epidemic of the 1990s. Where the most aggressive drug sentencing laws to date were instituted, impacting minorities

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The crack epidemic in the US was appearent during the Reagan era. The war on drugs began when the CIA decided to bring the drug into the low income communities. This epidemic exploded before anyone really noticed. "Crack was a plague that spread through African American neighborhoods like wildfire" (Bean, 2014). Laws changed so that the powder meant you went to jail for longer even thoough it was a non-violent offense.

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This meant that the people consuming tobacco could increase as a result of its reduced price (Shukla, Crump & Chrisco, 2012). It also meant that the amount of cigarettes exported from the United States would significantly increase. In the year 1884, the United States medical community introduced the cocaine and argued that it was important in treating some of the diseases. The ailments the drug was used to cure included, but were not limited to, cold fever, hay-fever and

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As a result, crack cocaine became regarded as an epidemic that needed to be eliminated in American society during the 1980s when it was at its peak. 2. How did the crack epidemic of the 1980s affect American communities, especially Black communities in the United States, and what were the long-term consequences? What is being done to address this legacy today?

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The use of narcotics like cocaine, claimed many lives and earned widespread coverage by media and news. Following this Nancy Reagan began the “War on Drugs”, a campaign to combat pre-existing drug usage and prevent future

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The war on drugs and decriminalization of drugs Drugs consumption has been a part of different cultures in all ages of past history. Drugs have been used for healthcare reasons, religious rituals by shaman and recreational use in past and present times. Drugs have been used in the United States as early as the civil war to help alleviate pain of wounded soldiers through the use of opium’s component morphine. Many of the soldiers that would return from the civil war would be dependent on morphine, and dependence on morphine amongst soldiers would be referred to as the soldier’s disease. In the early to mid 1800’s migrant Chinese workers that were brought to America in order to work on the railroads would smoke opium recreationally.

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Cocaine is a drug. It grows from coco plants. It 's a very addictive drug as well. It’s mostly made in high mountain ranges of south America. They are usually farmed the most at columbia.

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Shortly after President Reagan declared a “War on Drugs”, crack-cocaine and guns were intentionally flooded into black communities by the American Government—CIA. Following in the steps of his predecessor, Reagan will vilify and criminalize these drugs addicts. Under the “War on Drugs”, much harsher sentences will be given to Americans caught with crack cocaine—mainly black Americans than those that were caught with the main ingredient cocaine—mainly white Americans. In fact, being caught in possession with 28 grams of crack-cocaine yields a mandatory minimum sentence of five years while it takes 500 grams of cocaine to be given the same sentence. Quite a difference.

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Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly potent and addictive drug with major medical , psychiatric , cognitive, socioeconomic, and legal consequences [1]. MA was first synthesized from ephedrine in 1893 by chemist Nagai Nagayosh. In 1919, Akira Ogata synthesized crystallized MA by reducing ephedrine using red phosphorous and iodine, providing the basis for production of the drug on a larger scale (Figure 1) [2]. Figure 1: Chemical structure of methamphetamine. MA is available in different forms such as a pure crystalline hydrochloride salt or as formulated tablets.

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Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years. Wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians; narcotics from 4000 B.C.; and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737 B.C. in China. But not until the 19th cent. A.D. were the active substances in drugs extracted. There followed a time when some of these newly discovered substances—morphine, laudanum, cocaine—were completely unregulated and prescribed freely by physicians for a wide variety of ailments.

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Famous stars such as Snoop Dogg and Mark Wahlberg were once involved in the cocaine business. This shows that change is possible and a society should never give up on any of its

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In the 1980s, the use of crack cocaine (cocaine in its purest form) quickly became an epidemic that swept the country’s poorest urban communities. Its pricier counterpart, cocaine, was associated with upscale users and was a drug of choice for the wealthy. The legal implications of being caught by authorities with crack versus cocaine were starkly different. In 1986, federal law mandated that being caught in possession of 50 grams of crack was punishable by a ten-year prison sentence. An equivalent prison sentence for cocaine possession, however, required possession of 5,000 grams.

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