Dyslexia, also known as Developmental Reading Disorder (DRD) is a type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person’s ability to read and spell1. Dyslexia occurs when the brain has a hard time processing and recognizing symbols causing language difficulties such as writing, listening and speaking2. No two people with dyslexia are the same meaning that individuals experience dyslexia differently with impairment ranging from mild to profound.
Dyslexia results from differences in the structure and function of the brain, causing neurological changes. It is also believed to have genetic links. Although dyslexia is a lifelong condition, timely and appropriate intervention can have a positive effect1,2. Dyslexia is considered when an individual’s performance is poorer than one standard deviation below the expected level for
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Because of this, dyslexia is often missed and remains undiagnosed unless the deficits are severe, or the child is older2.
Importance of early diagnosis cannot be overemphasized and new research is focused on screening and prediction through the use of EEG which have identified cortical abnormalities in central auditory process2
Dyslexia presents differently in each case; therefore, it is imperative that management is individualised to the needs of the person. Treatment is based on age, specific areas of impairments intensity of the impairment, and associated areas of impairments. There is no cure, however, if signs are recognised at an early age treatment can be successful. Some management ideas are listed below2:
Intensive one-on-ones from multidisciplinary team to strengthen areas of weaknesses. Involvement from educational psychologist, speech pathologist, neurologist and paediatrician
A phonics-based reading program to improve the link between spoken and written