ipl-logo

Community Work Literature Review

1656 Words7 Pages

Literature review and background What is known and unknown about community work models? Models guide social workers in achieving their community work missions of changing and serving groups in communities (Weil, 1996). Working models based on practical experiences are considered intermediaries to theoretical generalization (Thompson, 1996). In fact, different models involve different practical variables, such as objectives, methods, or value assumptions (Rothman, 1968). Models may be applied to various kinds of communities and professional tasks by community workers (Gamble and Weil, 2010). Several important classical community work models from Western societies have been summarized in the last four decades. Rothman (1968), later amended by …show more content…

There are three national plans and no a legislation in community-level. The Community Development Plan (CDP), advocated by the United Nations, has been in execution since 1968. After World War II, especially in rural areas, community infrastructure construction was the main content of the CDP. The residents were organized into Community Development Associations (CDAs) to perform rebuilding work planned by the government. The government dispatched staff for guiding organized community residents who were laboring to meet policy requirements (Chen and Ku, 2017). Administrative guidance was the main work for the staff of the CDP. Even if the community infrastructure constructed in the 1980s, the CDAs exist still so far. There were 7,839 CDAs under the guidance of 80 administrative staff in 2016, and some CDAs have set and run their Community Care Centers (CCC) since …show more content…

In the experience of resilience for Earthquake 921, the model of rescue and service for disaster had formed. In depth, the model organized by several stages of rescue, resettlement, comfort, relocation of the village, life rehabilitation (Chen and Wang, 2010). The model was applied to the mission of reconstruction for Morakot Typhoon. Social workers were dispatch for relief and counseling since the resettlement stage. The community work was practiced for encouraging the victims to participate decision-making which related them and establish an autonomous order. In these experiences, the missions of social workers in disaster service were concluded (Chou, 2003; Lin,

Show More
Related
843 Words | 4 Pages

Before the First World War, the Red Cross introduced its “first aid, water safety, and public health nursing programs” (Who is Clara Barton, 2008) In regards to natural disasters, they provided relief for the Great Depression during the 1930s and also the during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 which was the largest Red Cross Response in it’s history. Here they provided millions of people with food, shelter, and money to get back on their feet, emotional support, etc. Their first congressional charter was received in 1900 and the second in 1905. Then their third was adopted in May 2007 which “restates the traditional purposes of the organization” which includes being a form of communication between those in the American armed forces and their families as well as providing an international and national disaster relief and mitigation (Who is Clara Barton, 2008).

Read More
417 Words | 2 Pages

Thousands were greatly attempting to rebuild. (Doc A) During this, people reacted during the aftermath of the natural disaster by collecting and conserving resources, gathering help from the Red Cross and providing evacuation centers. After the earthquake, people reacted by collecting and conserving as many resources as they possibly could. People were building tents with tarpaulins.

Read More
677 Words | 3 Pages

When a disaster occurs the federal, state, and local governments contact the military for help and support due to the their advantages attached to military operations and response which could benefit in them in manpower with specific qualifications, skills and expertise, strategic and rapid mobilization, updated technology and a variety of equipment (helicopters, aircraft, earth-moving machinery, respirators, medical supplies, power and lighting equipment, under-water capability, etc.) that most emergency organizations are unable to acquire on a moment notice (Kapucu, 2011). Besides, the military’s bureaucratic structure with hierarchical rules in place are effective in command, coordination, and control of manpower, authority, and regulations, is beneficial in providing effective response actions during the time of emergency (Anderson 1970; Schrader 1993; Sylves 2008; US House of Representatives 2006) (Kapucu, 2011). This advantage cut time in half because the structure is already set up without questioning who is doing what or who is in charge. Additionally, the military supports in sheltering the homeless, the construction of temporary housing and restoration of minimal critical infrastructure (water, electric, sanitation, communication infrastructure, etc.), (Miskel 2006; Schrader 1993), (Kapucu, 2011).

Read More
1350 Words | 6 Pages

The challenges encountered during Hurricane Katrina highlighted the critical need for effective communication and coordination, underscoring FEMA's pivotal role in disaster response (Tierney, Bevc, & Kuligowski, 2006). FEMA’s Role in Disaster Recovery FEMA's recovery operations focus on assisting communities and individuals in the aftermath of disasters. The agency's programs aim to support the rebuilding of infrastructure and provide aid to affected populations. The recovery efforts following Hurricane Sandy demonstrated FEMA's commitment to long-term community recovery, though they also revealed areas in need of improvement in terms of efficiency and resource distribution (Smith & Sylves, 2015). Mitigation and Preparedness Initiatives FEMA's mitigation and preparedness initiatives, such as the National Mitigation Framework and the Community Rating System, exemplify the agency's efforts to reduce disaster risks and enhance community resilience (FEMA, 2020).

Read More
1329 Words | 6 Pages

Social determinants have become an influential component of innovation within traditional areas of research, from overall health of communities to disaster management. Starting in the 1980’s, researchers began to understand that social contexts, both micro and macro, have a significant impact on both individuals and the community as a whole when discussing response and resilience to disasters. After the chaos of Hurricane Katrina, after the sheer difference of separate populations ability to cope during the disaster area came to light, researchers began to elucidate the social factors which affect disaster response and ways to assess those for future disasters. The three largest areas of concerns that should be considered are social stratification and class, race and

Read More
1907 Words | 8 Pages

Natural disasters like earthquakes or hurricanes sometimes cause extreme environments to change, in spite of the fact that most extreme environments have always been this way. In addition to the aforementioned extreme environments, poverty and natural disturbances, can also qualify as extreme environments. Extreme conditions are especially deadly and leave residents vulnerable to the derogatory effects of residing in them. These ideas are very prevalent in the article “In their Own Words: Resilience among Haitian Survivors of the 2010 Earthquake” as they experienced trauma from the earthquake that occurred in 2010. In the article “In their own words: Resilience among Haitian Survivors of the 2010 Earthquake '' by Guitele J. Rahill et al.

Read More
1702 Words | 7 Pages

Natural disasters are unfortunate events that cause damage to the surrounding environment and its inhabitants. These events can be disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes. In the article, “In Their Own Words: Resilience among Haitian Survivors of the 2010 Earthquake”, it was stated that resilience after these natural disasters is “...‘acceptance of conditions,’ as solidarity demonstrated by ‘Haitians helping Haitians’” (581). To overcome the disasters, the inhabitants of the affected area must connect as a community. It is imperative for the survival of the affected people that this is done because the connections help the people to push through the aftermath of the disaster.

Read More
2677 Words | 11 Pages

Disasters are events that not in control - situations which exceed public sector capacities, push societal linkages to a breaking point, and demand extraordinary and selfless behavior from citizens, businesses, communities, and non-governmental organizations. Disasters arguably have their most sorrowful impact at the level of the individual, where crises of natural and technical variety undermine the comfort and stability people feel and leave them hurt, and looking for direction and meaning in institutions and beliefs larger than themselves. Even when local government officials act heroically, individuals still look to other segments of the public sector, such as non-profit groups or religious organizations, for desperately needed support.

Read More
1736 Words | 7 Pages

”(Twelvetrees, 2001) It takes special skills to work within communities especially if the community is not very open to suggestions and the issue to be addressed is sensitive. To be effective in community work, it takes a collaborative effort and partnership to bring about changes and advance the community. When working with communities, the planned change model as developed by Kirst-Ashman & Hull (2009) is a tool that can be utilized.

Read More
1278 Words | 6 Pages

Practice based on empirical knowledge helps reduce bias, enables workers to study interpretations, perspectives or alternative solutions, and makes social workers more accountable for their decisions JD Hudson (1997). The dialogue between theory and practice In the past and present, there is hesitation among practitioners in social work to adapt theory and research because they feel that the reference to theory is the loss of connection with reality when practicing social work. In order for the social worker to be an effective practitioner, man must have a sound theoretical basis and this is not easy to achieve.

Read More
895 Words | 4 Pages

This is difficult process and should be coupled with use of theoretical approaches. Adams et al (2008) advocates that social workers need to use an eclectic approach to their practice by selecting different elements from theories in order to produce one approach appropriate for the individual’s needs. Epstein (1992) suggests that to overcome the limitations of theories continuous reflection and debate is vital to incorporate complex

Read More
1518 Words | 7 Pages

Erasmus Mundus Master in Social Work with Families and Children 4th edition - 2016-2018 1st Semester Name: Rojika Maharjan 1. Social work has evolved with different “theories in social work”; either concepts derived from other social sciences such as psychology or sociology or “theories for social work” which are the core philosophy of social work practice specified to give a professional purpose and approach to practice (Healy, 2014). a) Regarding the context of children and families, system theory and strength theory are appropriate. i)

Read More
855 Words | 4 Pages

Though the community only has a small effect on the overall picture, they are the most vulnerable to all disasters and threats. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the community to prepare one another and assess the potential risks and hazards within their community in addition to what steps are needed to address the issues. It is this preemptive response and planning, especially in locations with historically reoccurring hazards that reduce the disaster effects and overall cost. This community-based effort conducted by community groups has the, “potential to make a significant and long-lasting contributions to reducing local vulnerability and strengthening adaptive capacities” (Allen, 2006, p. 97). One example of a community-organized group is Community Emergency Response Teams or CERT.

Read More
1508 Words | 7 Pages

Empowerment theory and macro social work typically appear in the form of grassroots organizing (Gitterman & Knight, 2016). Both social work students and practitioners tend to work on the mezzo or micro level with individuals, families, and/or small groups, rather than within larger communities (Gitterman & Knight, 2016). Community organization is not possible if one person attempts to create change alone. A group of like-minded people must make a concentrated effort to instigate change in a community. Groups must have open communication and an understanding of the common goal.

Read More
252 Words | 2 Pages

Child Labor The author did fully support the claim. The author gave lots of information and counterclaims to support the thesis that teens should have jobs. The author cites and gives examples for the claim. The author fully supports the claim, because he/she established reasoning for the evidence, has counterclaims, and has supporting details.

Read More

More about Community Work Literature Review

Related Topics

Open Document