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Racial inequality in education system
The effect of racism on education
Problems in institutional racism
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More handpicked essays just for you.
Racial inequality in education system
The effect of racism on education
Problems in institutional racism
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
What is the purpose and mission of universal schooling? Why are philanthropic white Northern reformers’ supportive of African-Americans’ goals of literacy and universal education? How can historians reconcile the educational advancement of African-Americans with their status as second-class citizens throughout the Eras of Reconstruction and Jim Crow? In The Education of Blacks in the South (1988), James Anderson explores the race, labor, and education questions through the lens of black educational philosophy. Anderson challenges the prevailing narrative that universal public education emerged from white Northern missionaries dedicated to civilizing newly emancipated Negroes in the South.
The Northern States were against slavery and the Southern States were not. Slavery was such a big issue back then because for the South that was their way of living and how they made money. For the North, they viewed it as an immoral thing and that there shouldn’t be slavery in the U.S. Other factors beside slavery caused the South to leave which lead to the Civil War. The Southern States seceded from the Union because of slavery, political issues, and economic differences.
In the South, a social hierarchy was developed. Wealthy plantation owners were at the top of the social hierarchy, white subsistence farmers were in the middle, and enslaved black people at the bottom. In the North, a social hierarchy was not developed. The North was generally “free soil”, meaning they supported the idea of wage labor versus slavery. The European immigrants that came to the North were able to settle into the cities and start working.
Postwar South was not accepting of the idea of black schooling. Planters saw the former slaves fight for education as a threat to their rule as well as the social hierarchy. Planters resisted in various ways but one way Anderson mentions is how Virginia planters threatened black families of eviction if they sent their children to school (1988, p. 23). Those for schooling argued what a benefit to planters by mentioning that this would affect the agricultural trade and create more productive laborers (1988, p. 82).
There were many differences between the North and the South. For instance, the South were very agricultural as opposed to the North which were industrial. The South used cheap labor in the form of slaves, whereas the North had workers do their jobs in factories at a faster pace. Because of sectionalism, competition between the north and the south began to increase.
Slavery was typically only found in the south, while those in bondage grew tobacco or cotton, which were the best southern growing cash crops (Doc. 1). In the North, cash crops could not flourish, like in the South’s hotter, drier climate (OI). Instead, factories began popping up, surrounded by cities (Doc. 1). Population grew, and with it, diversity (OI). Abolitionists began to protest, with followers, and the belief against slavery spread in the North like wildfire (OI).
Northerners also had another problem with the south. “Northerners increasingly felt that the South should be able to solve its own problems without constant interference from Washington.” They believed that blacks no longer need assistance, because they gave them all of these resources. Even though the North disagreed with the South, the North grew very successful during and after
In the North slavery wasn't practiced. The economy of the North was mainly dependent on industry. The North depended on the South for
The south was geographically blessed and had a heavy economic advantage over the middle and northern
The North had many advantages. They beat the South in population they could draw soldiers from. The North had 22 million citizens where the South only had 5.5 million citizens. The North could transport supplies and people faster because of their roads, canals, and railroads. However the South disconnected from itself with barely any railroads and hard to move soldiers and goods from place to place.
Constitutionally the North preferred a loose understanding of the United States Constitution, and they sought to grant the federal government amplified powers. The South desired to reserve all vague powers to the separate states themselves. The South trusted upon slave labor on behalf of their economic wellbeing, and the economy for the North was not
The North and South emerged as two distinct regions because they had various differences. These differences included the geography, the economy, slavery, and transportation. The North was built mainly on factories and trade and opposed slavery, while the South’s foundation was agriculture and slavery. The geography of the South was more rural than the North and the North had more means of transportation than the South. These drastic characteristics created a vast divide between the two regions.
In the 1930s, many white farm owners would pull black students out of school to work for them even if they did not need them. They did this because they did not think they deserved an education. Many students had to drop out of school to work for their family, because the family was not making enough money to live off of. Many of the African Americans that attended school never got past the fourth grade.
During the Reconstruction period, the North and the South had very different ideas on how to handle all of the new problems in America regarding the freed slaves. Though the North and the South had contradictory ideas that ranged from the basic needs of the freed slaves to establishing new state governments, the Reconstruction period strived to unify the North and the South. In the Reconstruction period, freedom was a new idea for many African Americans and they aimed to establish all of their new rights, even if they were unsure of their lives after the Civil War. The North and South, both having different ideas, had two different ways to meet the basic needs for food, service, and industry.
The North was much stronger than the South. The North had a stronger and more stable economy. Besides owing large plantations and farming, The North controlled over 50 percent of the population, railroad mileage, iron/steel production, wealth, exports, and factories. Free states attracted and became home to the majority of European immigration.