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Compare And Contrast Behaviourist And Psychodynamic Approach

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Compare the Behaviourist and Psychodynamic Approaches to Psychology

Before comparing the behaviourist and the psychodynamic approaches to psychology it is important to familiarise oneself with the background details of each approach. First the identification of each of their methods of investigation is essential. John B Watson (1878-1958) is thought to be the founder of behaviourism. Behaviourism is concerned with the aspects of the human behaviour that can be observed and measured. Watson believed that people are born with a certain amount of reflexes and the person’s behaviours are the result of their environment. This type of approach uses statistics from lab experiments which have been carried out using variables and measurements to support their theories. An example of a lab experiment carried out in order to support the behaviourist perspective was the ‘Little Albert’ experiment (Watson & Rayner, 1920). “Psychodynamic psychology ignores the trappings of science and instead focuses on trying to get ‘inside the head’ of individuals in order to make sense of their relationships, experiences and how they see the world.” (McLeod, 2007). The founder of psychodynamic psychology, Sigmund Freund believed that our behaviour as adults is rooted in our childhood experiences. He also believed that our behaviours and feelings are strongly affected by our unconscious mind (McLeod, 2007). Unlike behaviourism, the research methods used in this type of …show more content…

The case study method was often inaccurate and after the re-examination of Freud’s work it was found that he had distorted some results

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That is why behaviorism is very useful in this case. In his book Psychologists as Behaviorist View It, the famous psychologist John B. Watson stated that, “it is only possible to judge objectively while observing behaviors, thoughts and sentiment should be ignored”. A materialistic view in which could bring more questions concerning human nature, specifically its free will. Perhaps, all human behaviors are innate, determined by genes, brain size, or other biological attributes. This theory stands in contrast to the notion of human behavior being determined by culture or other social forces ("Determinism, Biological").

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My assignment was to visit a community agency or clinic that offers substance abuse counseling and discuss my findings. Pro-Active Resources is a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center located in Carmel, IN. The therapist, at Pro-Active Resources, have provided services to over 15,000 individuals and families since its inception in 1985. The focal point, of the agency, is outpatient treatment programs for alcohol and drug abuse.

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First, Jake 's anxiety could have originated in his behavior. Behaviorism focuses on learning through observing a patient 's behavior. In this case, Jake 's actions would be observed and taken into account. The second approach would be the cognitive one. Cognitivism studies a person 's thoughts.

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The criminological theory that I think is the best is the social leaning theory. The social learning is a social learning behavior which is affected by your peers. The people around you can really affect the way you think and act. Just hanging and socializing with people you can adapt bad habits. Learning also occurs through the observation of reactions and punishments.

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The main aim of this assignment is to find out the strength and weakness, similarities and differences between the different approaches of psychology such as biological approach, behavioural approach and psychodynamic approach. I have chosen mental illness to evaluate these approach. The biological, behavioural and psychodynamic approaches of psychology are connected to the nature and nurture argument. The biological approach highly talks about nature side of the argument and states that all behaviour is biological and is treatable.

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Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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Behaviorists believe that anything to do with cognition is outside the study of psychology and they define psychology as the study of observable behavior whereas Freud placed much emphasis on mental life. Freud divided the mind into three parts the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. He believed that the unconscious mind contained desires, inaccessible memories and impulses that are responsible for human behavior. Skinner embraced psychology as a science by using experiments and observations to prove his theories.

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Each perspective with their good and bad sides, there are many perspective ranging from: Behavioural Approach; Biological Approach; Clinical Approach; Cognitive Approach; developmental approach; evolutionary Approach, Forensic; et al. BEHAVIOUR APPROACH PERSEPCTIVE Behaviourism is different from the environment because people are viewed as being controlled by their environment and that humans are a products of what they learn from the environment (Saul McLeod 2007). It is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviour more of a man is a product of his environment that the genes has no influence on the way a human behaves, it focused solely on observable behaviours. For a long time in the 50s, this psychological thought was dominating until the early twentieth

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‘John Watson was one of the early American psychologists to break the Freudian notions that our unconscious mind was behind most of our behavior’ - Gary Gilles. John Watson was considered the ‘father’ of behaviourism, behaviorism is the scientific study of human behaviour (Schatzie, 2016). Watson was responsible for making Ivan Pavlov’s ideas and principles into part of a psychological norm by applying it to humans. He was impressed with Pavlov’s accurate measurement of observable behaviours and believed that Pavlov’s model could be extended towards diverse forms of learning and personality characteristics. Watson believed that the goal of psychology should be ‘the prediction and control of behavior’, meaning that one should be able to assume an upcoming behavioral action and ultimately learn how

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Behaviorism, on the other hand, is a psychological approach, which combines different elements of psychology, methodologies, and theory. Therefore, this means that behaviorism is mainly concerned with the observable and measurable aspects of human behaviors. That is why in

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Greenberg (1986) believes Freud’s case studies do not place enough stress on revealing the outcome of the treatment and that Freud’s aim was more to illustrate his theoretical points (p.240). In cases, Greenberg asserts that many of the presented cases would not even be considered acceptable examples of psychoanalysis and, in short, that virtually all of the cases studies had basic shortcomings (p.240). Furthermore, many other powerful criticisms about Freud inaccurate and subsequently flawed evidence have been published. These critics contend that Freud’s evidence is flawed due to the lack of an experiment, the lack of a control group, and the lack of observations that went unrecorded (Colby, 1960, p.54).

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Psychoanalysis and Behaviourism are two contrasting personality theories, each with strong viewpoints on how one’s behaviour is created and maintained. Through this essay, it is going to be determined as to which personality theory can best describe the causes and maintenance of the behaviour of the Lotter siblings, who murdered their parents in 2008. Both will be used to explain the situation, coming to a conclusion as to which theory can best describe their behaviour which resulted in parricide. Human behaviour is very complex and challenging to understand, categorise and analyse as there are so many interdependent factors to consider. Both Psychoanalysis and Behaviourism were considered highly influential theories in the early-to-mid-1900’s,

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Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shapes our behaviors. John Watson believed that if he were given infants, then he would be able to make one a thei,

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In 1913, the behaviorist movement began with the studies of John Broadus Watson (1878-1958), a pioneering figure in the development of the psychological school of behaviorism. He published an article entitled ' 'Psychology as the behaviorist views it ' ' in which he had the impression that psychology shouldn 't deal with what the people say that they think or feel, in other words, he reduced and dehumanized the human mind and its consciousness. To put it differently, he asserted a claim that the study of the human mind would be concerned only with people 's actions and behavior. Watson 's work relied upon the experiments of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936), a Russian Nobel laureate psychologist who had worked on animals ' responses to conditioning. For instance, in his best-known experiment, Pavlov rang a bell and then gave a dog some food.

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Behaviourism Behaviourism is a learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable behaviours and discounts any independent activities of the mind. Behaviour theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behaviour based on environmental conditions. According to behaviourists, learning can be defined as “a relatively permanent change in behaviour brought about as a result of experience or practice.” Behaviourists recognize that learning is an internal event.

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