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Compare And Contrast Hurricane Katrina

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Response Comparison: Hurricane Katrina VS. San Bernardino Terrorist Attack
Armstrong, Troy
Union Institute & University

Critical Incident Management-Response Course
Spring 2022-2023 Term
Instructor Ron Santo
Abstract
In comparison, there were many differences between the 2005 Hurricane Katrina response and the December 2015 response to the San Bernardino Terrorist Attacks. There were main strengths and opportunities for improvement identified in both responses specific to emergency services. Furthermore, the utilization of response to address life safety, incident stabilization, property preservation and social-economic impacts continue to play a role in emergency response lessons learned taught today. Response Comparison: Hurricane Katrina …show more content…

Part of this is because the terrorist attack was isolated, it didn’t span multiple political jurisdictions as Hurricane Katrina did. Furthermore, the terrorist attack was an immediate and tangible threat. With Hurricane Katrina maintaining situational awareness was not effective and there was no common operating picture for the local, state and federal responses. The biggest difference of course would be the physical footprint of each incident. Hurricane Katrina spanned multiple political subdivisions, impacted multiple areas having jurisdiction and made resource availability more limited than that of the San Bernadino incident. Additionally, one was a natural disaster with the other being a terrorist man-made incident. The hazard itself being a difference would result in a variation in the type of response required. The primary agency in a terrorist event may differ from than that of a Hurricane response. While both incident responses had opportunities for improvement, overall the Sand Bernadino response seemed to be more coordinated and effectuated more inter-agency collaboration. When planning for any type of incident, regardless of what type of hazard it is, there will be similarities and differences. Of course, when looking a terroristic event versus a large-scale natural disaster response, some of the same agencies may respond, although the primary responsibilities may vary. Although, interoperable communications and unified command operations can be utilized regardless the type of hazard that is being responded to. For example, Law Enforcement may be in more of a lead role on a terrorist event with Fire/EMS providing support while in a search and rescue operation during the Hurricane the roles may be reversed. Regardless, the response efforts should

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The Stafford Act was enacted in 1988 and determines how and when the federal government is allowed to intervene in a natural disaster. It also defines the type of assistance to be provided as well as the distribution of funds among the federal, state and local governments. FEMA is responsible for coordinating the assistance identified in the Stafford Act. However, FEMA has to answer to the Secretary of Homeland Security rather than making their own decisions. The authors describe how our current governmental system isn’t well equipped to deal with major devastation such as Hurricane Katrina.

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Finally on this note, the Federal Response Plan (FRP) has been revised into the National Response Plan (NRP). Many of the positive features of the FRP have been retained in the NRP but the focus has been shifted dramatically to responding to a terrorist attack and in doing so, the role of the Federal government has been altered dramatically. The NRP places the lead role in responding to major disasters, terrorist attack or natural disaster, in the hands of Federal officials. In fact, the Federal government now has the authority to respond to an event in a State without a request by the Governor. This alters the traditional role of the Federal government, through the FRP, supporting the actions of State and local government.

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Personnel and equipment come into the devastated area from all over the country, as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands” (Bell, 2006, p. 26). 2005 brought the largest national response to natural disasters. Hurricane’s Katrina and Rita affected numerous states. The states affected were unable to help themselves, as would be responders were now victims. In addition to the lack of responders, the local infrastructure was decimated and local and state officials were unable to respond.

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In both “Ninth ward” and “Response like second disaster”, the authors Jewell Parker Rhodes and Anna Badkhen present the real world issue of Hurricane Katrina. How it affected the lives of millions of people, spactiflicle in New Orleans. In the “Ninth ward” it’s about the survival after the hurricane. While in “response like second disaster” it is about the aftermath of the hurricane. How people reacted and how the government reacted.

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Disasters with drastically different purposes form close connections all the time. Both Hurricane Katrina and the Flint water crisis were horrible, the disasters, are vastly different. A disaster can depend on location, the type of disaster, and the main purpose. Flint water crisis was less tragic at the same time, it was in one location. It effected many resident of Flint, Michigan but it did not spread to any other location.

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They are the two most known terrorist attacks in America. We know that they’re both terrorist attacks, and have some similarities, but they have many differences. One similarity between the two is they were

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In my opinion the organizations are more comprehensive than other organizations. Innovative ways are being implied to when new technologies are being created and applied. The infrastructures of an organization are complex for FEMA and Department Homeland Security to implement and resolve many type of disaster. To identifying community hazards, specific threats and setting capability targets for each core capability resources to meet the capability

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Social determinants have become an influential component of innovation within traditional areas of research, from overall health of communities to disaster management. Starting in the 1980’s, researchers began to understand that social contexts, both micro and macro, have a significant impact on both individuals and the community as a whole when discussing response and resilience to disasters. After the chaos of Hurricane Katrina, after the sheer difference of separate populations ability to cope during the disaster area came to light, researchers began to elucidate the social factors which affect disaster response and ways to assess those for future disasters. The three largest areas of concerns that should be considered are social stratification and class, race and

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Hurricane Katrina and Super Storm Sandy both brought disaster in their wake, but from the hardships that followed, came the united work force of the local communities that were affected. Journalist Kaid Benfield reported in regards to Katrina, and how the combined effort of local volunteers and provincial resources like the PRC (Preservation Resource Center) or RTNO (Rebuilding Together New Orleans) had brought relief. Work ranged from, rebuilding and inhabiting homes, primarily focusing on the urban poor, to restoring historic neighborhoods with the goal to protect their rich culture. Likewise, environmental journalist Ben Jervey who covered Super Storm Sandy noted similar efforts in regards to locality. Both community leaders and planners

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August 23 - 31, 2005, Katrina made her appearance in New Orleans, Louisiana. The rescue efforts of Katrina were almost immediate. Shelters, food, and transportation were all provided. “As of today, 563 shelters have been opened” (“Hurricane Katrina Response and Recovery”). Shelters for the people affected by the storm was the main effort focus after Katrina.

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Whereas, during a natural disaster it may be difficult to gain access to such resources and therefore, some people can be facing this issue for the first time in their lives. Which can result in conflict and lawlessness taking place. For instance, if a natural disaster was to occur in a less developed country such as Afghanistan, the citizens would not be in a sudden shock if they no longer has access to electricity or any other issues since poverty is issue in the country and they have already adapted into living and surviving in such living conditions that may occur during a natural disaster. However, if such was to occur in Ottawa then it would be a completely different situation since many people might be feeling helplessness and panic due to living

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In the wake of a dark time, Hurricane Katrina proved to America how crucial preparedness is. Three reasons Hurricane Katrina proved unpreparedness include; The New Orleans poorly built levee system, the prolonged displacement

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The 9/11 attacks highlighted the need for improved information sharing among intelligence and law enforcement agencies. The National Incident Management Assistance Teams (IMATs): FEMA established IMATs to provide on-the-ground support during disasters and help coordinate federal resources with state, local, tribal, and territorial governments. These teams assist in disaster response and recovery operations. The National Response Framework (NRF) was introduced in 2008, and it outlines the roles, responsibilities, and coordination mechanisms for federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial entities during incidents requiring a coordinated response. It provides a framework for integrated response efforts which were made to enhance communication capabilities among emergency responders.

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Emergency management describes the process of preparing for disasters, responding to their occurrence and putting in place both structural and nonstructural measures to mitigate against them. Emergency management has come a long way in terms of evolution in the United States of America. In terms of evolution, there have been a number of changes with evidence in shift from state to federal and local involvement in disaster management. This paper will thus discuss the evolution of emergency management as well as the lessons that have come as a result of this evolution. The evolution can be traced back to the biblical times, Moses himself tried to manage floods by splitting the Red Sea (George et al, p. 1).

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