If you have never had the opportunity to see the Parthenon in Greece and the Pantheon in Italy, it’s possible that the similarity of the names would lead you to believe that they are the same or, at least, almost identical. While it is true that certain elements of the buildings mirror each other, there are major differences in their structures and functions. The architecture of each reflects the cultural ideals of the times.
After the Greeks overcame the Persian invasion, Athens became the head of all of the Greek city-states. During this period, the country enjoyed peace and great prosperity. In celebration of their military triumph, the Parthenon was built as a symbol of the city’s wealth and power. It was never used as a temple, however.
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(Cartwright, 2013). The perspective of the coffered ceiling and oculus in photographs gives the effect of the sun’s rays emanating from its center. The oculus can also be seen as the pupil of a great eye surrounded by its iris, implying god’s eye watching over all below, or the eye of the emperor surveying all he rules.
Ancient Greeks and Romans worshipped the same gods, and their leaders traditionally built temples in in their honor. The art and architecture of the Parthenon and Pantheon were stellar symbols of their countries’ superior status in the world. While both had governments that allowed citizens to vote, the real power in Rome was in the hands of the emperor. That the emperor was considered a god is reflected in the celestial aspects of the Pantheon. However, Greek society was a democracy and the Parthenon’s frieze indicated that all citizens would participate in the governance of their country.
Although the two buildings have features in common, the Parthenon was the result of the culture expressing their democratic ideals, while the Pantheon illuminates the ideals of the republic of the Roman Empire. They are both, however, outstanding examples of classical ancient