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Compare And Contrast The Ottoman Empire And The Mughal Empire

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The Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire were both profoundly influenced by social forces and conflicts, with social forces, particularly related to ethnicity, religion, and gender, playing a more profound role. These empires grappled with the introduction of new ideologies and ideas, such as nationalism and religious diversity, which posed significant challenges. While the Ottoman Empire faced conflicts from external threats, including European powers, the Mughal Empire experienced internal strife and religious conflicts. However, it was the social forces surrounding ethnicity and religion that had the most significant effect on these empires, shaping their adaptation and responses to the challenges they faced.
The Ottoman Empire, characterized as a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire, confronted challenges concerning social cohesion. Racial ideology played a crucial role in shaping the empire's identity and governance, as evidenced by the statement, "no distinction is attached to birth among the Turks; the deference to be paid to a man is measured by the position he holds in the public service" …show more content…

The Ottoman Empire faced the rise of nationalism among its subject peoples, challenging its centralized authority. In response, the empire's attempt to modernize and adapt to these new ideas is evident in the Young Turks' Proclamation for the Ottoman Empire. The proclamation advocated for constitutional reforms and highlighted the need for the reorganization and distribution of state forces in accordance with the political and geographical situation of the country (1). Similarly, the Mughal Empire confronted new ideologies brought by European powers, such as colonialism and mercantilism, which posed threats to its economic and political stability. However, the Mughal Empire struggled to effectively respond to these challenges, resulting in a decline in its power and

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With the mistakes and failures of the Ottoman Empire, such individuals applied different strategies in the governance while in the Mughal Empire. Since Islam was the dominant religion in the Ottoman Empire, young boys were converted to Islam to train for war, while in the Mughal Empire they created their faith as a leisure pursuit, so everyone training for war exercised their freedom to worship wherever they preferred (pg 499-501). The Ottoman Empire soldiers soon gave in to their rivals causing their defeat. On the other hand, since the soldiers in The Mughal Empire had the freedom to choose their religion, they felt respected and fought to victory at all encounters with their enemies. Inner dissatisfaction in the Mughal Empire that led to its crumbling was because of poor administrative techniques; whereas, in the Ottoman Empire it was because of domination by contenders in the most highly populated areas and taking over power (pg

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Western influences and manufacturing disrupted the existing social order among the Ottomans. The power of Muslim artisans and merchants were slowly replaced by the West. The Ottomans became more and more dependent on Europe to stimulate their economy. However, the Ottomans were partially sustained by the growing rivalries of Europe and often let the British aid in their desperate fight to maintain their empire, albeit reluctantly. The Manchu were very honorable and considered non-Chinese to be barbarians.

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The Ottoman and Mughal empires both used Islam in their culture, economy, wars, and society. It influenced their art, the way they treated non-Muslims, their motivations for war. It is important to note that both empires were influenced differently by their majority religion. However, both the Ottomans and Mughals were heavily influenced as Islam was a major part of everyday life from the art to the bureaucracy.

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