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Psychology in criminal justice field
How does psychological research contribute to our understanding of crime and criminology
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In F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright & K. R. Blevins (Eds.), Taking stock: The status of criminological theory, advances in criminological theory (Vol. 15, pp. 251–273). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Kramer, R. C. (1985). Defining the concept of crime: A humanistic perspective. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 12(September), 469–487.
In addition to the connection in homicide, intimate violence and stalking. Particularly, the case of Nicole Simpson. The theories of criminology
Gwen Bristow did not just write a well drafted fictional story with love, adventure, and drama. Gwen Bristow wrote a complete fictional novel that teaches the history of the American Revolution. Instead of picking up a textbook, read Celia Garth and learn the facts of the Revolutionary War. Have the past come alive reading Celia Garth as you meet war heroes of the revolution, relive the Siege of Charleston, and discover the details of historic places. While writing Celia Garth, Gwen Bristow used many literary elements such as setting, conflict, point of view, and historical figures to make apparent that the fictional story told the history of Charleston and the American Revolutionary War.
2014. Criminological Theory. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education inc. Rengifo, Andres F 2009.
This abstract will discuss the strengths, weaknesses and differences of both data sources. To articulate the nature and extent of a crime, criminologists use records that are collected, compiled, and analyzed by government agencies such as the federal government’s Bureau of Justice Statistics (criminology
Methods Overview The overall strategy and design of my research is to examine regions and environmental areas to answer the question, “What effect does environmental and regional influence have on where serial killers kill ”? This study was a mixed-method study, and it was observational and qualitative. The observational and qualitative data is considered legitimate within the field of discipline, because observing where the serial killers kill in the United States includes the observation of the serial killers and of the environmental uniqueness of where the serial killers decide to kill the victims. Observing where in the United States there are sprees of killing take place and the regional
Profiling is an act of classifying people based on their origin, ethnicity, color, religion or national origin. We have witnessed that some crimes are usually committed by people that share similar backgrounds. However, profiling people by using our pervious experiences will usually lead us to wrong conclusions And make us to take wrong actions.
Situational crime prevention (SCP) and rational choice theory (RCT), together, provide an insightful explanation as to why people commit crimes and what can be done to deter them. Much of the work done in RCT and SCP was founded by Derek Cornish and Ronald V. Clarke, who wanted to understand the decision-making process of potential offenders and focus on the spatial and situational factors that make such crime possible (Farrell and Hodgkinson, 2015). This paper aims to explore SCP and its relationship to RCT, as well as analyze the works of Keith Hayward and Graham Farrell in their discussion of these ideas. This paper has four objectives: first, the paper will discuss SCP and RCT and explain the link between the two concepts. Second, this paper will examine Hayward 's discussion of RCT, SCP, and cultural criminology.
The criminal justice system exists to protect society while also punishing or rehabilitating offenders of the law. Progression in rehabilitating criminals and prevention of criminal activity has given rise to the study of criminal behavior. Where the focus is predicting who will commit violent or criminal acts and intervening to prevent repetitive or initial action. A great deal of knowledge of criminal behavior derives from the apprehension and study of criminal offenders. Though even some understanding can be gathered from offenders that to this day elude law enforcement, such as the case of Jack the Ripper.
Traditionally, offender profiling has been defined as ‘the process of using all the available information about a crime, a crime scene, and a victim, in order to compose a profile of the (as yet) unknown perpetrator’ (Ainsworth, 2001, p. 7). Offender profiling is an investigative tool which determines offender characteristics from the scene of crime. It is an inferential process involving the analysis of offender behaviour, their interactions with the crime scene, the offender and their choice of weapon among other things (Petherick, 2003). Such inferences are made with the intention of assisting law enforcement personnel throughout their investigations. An underlying rationale concerning offender profiling is that behaviour will reflect personality,
New York: New York, 2002. Print. Jackson, Janet L., and Debra A. Bekerian, eds. Offender Profiling: Theory, Research and Practice.
Criminal profiling has evolved to enable investigators to have other investigative tools available to him (Douglas & Burgess, 1986, p. 5). When there is no DNA evidence or other physical evidence left at a scene that leads to a potential suspect or when the ‘case has gone cold’ due to little to no descriptions of potential offenders(s), there are other tools available in the forms of an offender profile. An investigator has the ability to analyse the crime scene and/or crime scenes, the act itself, the victim and police reports as well as forensic information including autopsy reports and medical examiner findings. (Douglas, Ressler, Burgess & Hartman, 1986). The accumulation of knowledge from these things enables profilers to create a profile, which can help predict the offender’s next actions (Criminology, 2005).
There are many different modes of criminological thinking and two of those are Cultural criminology and administrative criminology. Both of these concepts are vastly different to each other which Mike Presdee delves into in Cultural Criminology: The long and winding road (2004). According to Presdee (2004), administrative criminology “denies and rejects the importance of culture and lived experience in the commission of crime, preferring instead to concentrate on the pseudo-scientific analysis of criminal behaviour” (Presdee, 2004:276). Administrative criminology has been fabricated as overdetermined descriptive criminology which is disconnected from any sort of social or human interaction.
Furthermore, the psychology of criminal behavior, psychology, and criminology all have a primary objective of achieving an understanding of the variation in the criminal behavior of individuals (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Empirically, the study of variation in criminal behavior is done by the studying of covariates (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). The primary covariates that PCC studies are biological, social, and psychological (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Although, criminology tends to assess criminality at an aggregate level, in comparison to the psychology of criminal conduct’s focus on an individual level. Additionally, a psychology of criminal conduct involves applying what is learned by the studying of psychological information and methods to the predicting and influencing the propensity of criminal behavior on an individual
Researchers have invested decades worth of time and data, attempting to answer the question of what causes crime. The study of criminological theory contains a great number of explanations, focused on discovering why exactly, crime occurs. Whether causations are biological, psychological, or sociological in nature, theory has lead us closer to answering the question of why crime happens. Perhaps causations are best explained using hybrid explanations that include a little bit of everything.
