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Adventages of classical conditioning
Essay of classical conditioning
Adventages of classical conditioning
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More handpicked essays just for you.
Adventages of classical conditioning
Essay of classical conditioning
Adventages of classical conditioning
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior
In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.
Skinner devised the theory of operant conditioning. Operant Conditioning is defined as an important form of learning “in which a learner’s behavior becomes either more or less predictable depending on the consequences it produces” (Singleman & Rider, 2018, p. 42). To better explain, this theory plays out when a learner behaves in a certain way and associates that behavior with either the positive or negative consequences that follow. The idea is that humans tend to continue behaviors that have positive consequences and extinguish those that have negative consequences. Regina George shows exactly how this theory plays out by using positive and negative reinforcement within her friend group to condition them in behaving how she wants them
Including sports and physical education in public schools is necessary but not to the point where that is all that is valued. Having the balance of well developed academics and physical education is what the public schools and communities should strive for. Chuck Klosterman, who wrote "On Soccer", a piece in which Klosterman reevaluates the true means of soccer and what the advocates of the sport want all to know. While sports should be viewed as a highly important part of public schools it should not be viewed as the only thing that matters. "They won't be satisfied until we're all systematically brainwashed into thinking soccer is cool..."
Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement
Within this theory there are two types of punishments and two types of reinforcements. Positive reinforcement deals with the presentation of positive stimuli after an action. Negative reinforcement is when a negative stimulus is taken away. Positive punishment is when undesired consequences are attached to a certain behavior. Lastly, negative punishment is when desired consequences are removed such as material items.
Skinners experiment was based on operant conditioning, using the concept of discrimination learning, he carried out experiments on animals with the idea that their behaviour is predetermined by their environment and using a well controlled environment would allow him to in turn control their behaviours using a range of triggers. Using reinforcement and expectancy, the animal associates acting out certain behaviours with rewards. (Toates, F., 2010, pp. 165-167) After performing a number of experiments on rats using mazes, he subsequently designed the Skinner box.
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay. Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti
Most of us are probably familiar with, but unaware of the impact they have on our daily lives. Some can have a positive effect, while others a negative effect. Both classical and operant conditionings are forms of associative learning. In both, we acquire behaviors that may later go away, and then spontaneously reappear. We have also seen that classical and operant conditioning are different.
Operant conditioning may be used to address serious personal concerns, such as smoking and unhealthy eating. “The term operant emphasizes this point: The organism operates on its environment to produce a desirable result.” (pg.179) Basically, a person is less likely to create an addiction unless there is a desirable outcome that is rewarding or pleasurable. “Operant conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.” (pg.179) When addressing serious personal concerns there are multiple things to consider, such as a positive or negative reinforce or a punishment.
Operant conditioning is an important process that affects the way humans behave. Operant conditioning is one of those things that happens, but you just don’t know the name of it. According to Myers and DeWall, “In operant conditioning, organisms associate their own actions with consequences. Actions followed by reinforcers increase; those followed by punishments often decrease”(p.290). Which means that operant conditioning is the relationship between your behavior, and the consequences that come from it.
Link to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.
Introduction A middle-aged female client has came in with the need of help with reducing the amount of profanity she uses while upset. She has made this intervention because she feels she is lacking professionalism and intelligence when she speaks. She has maintained this behavior for over fifteen years and swears in about ⅖ sentences she speaks. To change this, one could punish her for swearing and reward her for refraining.
Basically, operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment as the way of changes in behaviour or pattern permanently. Operant describes as voluntary response of living organism. The individual response is affected by the later consequences. In short, it is just an easy process of learning that tends to response more when the outcome is manipulated. Operant conditioning was found by Polish neurophysiologist Jerzy Konorsky.