The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.
We are doing a gummy bear lab. Gummy bears come in different sizes, shapes, and colors. Gummy bears are squishy, chewy, and sticky, they are made of sugar which are glucose and glucose are carbohydrate. We predict that during this stage of lab the solute and solvent will go through the stages of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. We get 4 gummy bears and 4 cups filled half way with different types of liquid, such as Salt-Water, Coffee-Creamer, Vinegar, and Soda.
The egg we experimented on went through many dramatic changes. In its original state, the circumference was 14 cm, and it was 66.8 grams in mass. However, it was much larger after it was put in the vinegar for 48 hours, the circumference was 17 cm, and the mass was 89.1 grams. This occurred because of osmosis. Since the vinegar had more water molecules than the egg, it was transferring the molecules to the egg to create equilibrium; therefore, the egg became larger.
Comparing Leaf Material Decomposition of Red Maple and Post Oak in Miller’s Fork Stream. Introduction The measurement and analysis of leaf decomposition provides crucial insight for understanding the allochthonous energy flow mechanism within a freshwater stream. Energy production within a stream heavily depends on the insertion of organic matter from stream-side vegetation, where the majority enters by “leaf fall” (Benfield 2007).
A plastic bag was placed on top of the beaker. After exactly 24 hours the egg changed noticeably. It increased in size and weighed 0.7 g more than it did before submersion. Its circumference also grew from 15.2 cm to 16.8 cm.
Also, the pictures above show how the egg changed from being tight and solid to being flexible. The observations also say that the egg felt like a water balloon and was full of water inside. Overall, the egg greatly shrunk in size. Finally, when the egg was placed in corn syrup, it floated on the surface of the solution. This was because the egg floated in solutions hypertonic to its inside.
The eggs were placed in the solutions, charting the change in weight after 15, 30 and 45 minutes; handling the eggs carefully each time and wiping off any excess water to avoid a misread by the scale. It is necessary to remove the egg and weigh individually each time to get the most accurate results. After the experiment was done, the eggs were placed back in their containers and the solution discarded of. It is imperative not to put the solution back in the containers.
In this lab we used two processes called Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Diffusion is a process that requires no energy and involves smaller non-polar molecules. In Figure 1 you can see the molecules spreading throughout the glass from the area of high concentration, so that the areas with low concentration are filled evenly as well. The other process was osmosis.
For instance, we could not conclude that mitochondrial activity is present in Supernatant II. However, our experiment showed that the boiled corn kernels did not undergo any mitochondrial activity while the raw corn kernels did. This might indicate that raising the temperature might have an effect on the function of dehydrogenase. Moreover, our found that starch granules are present in both sediment I and the “gunk”. Indeed, some parts of this experiment were not successful because the procedure was not followed
By using the same mass of potato slices and putting them in different concentration of solutions for a specific amount of time will tell us how the concentration changes the mass of the potato slice. Therefore changing the rate of osmosis. Hypothesis: I predict that, if the piece of potato was put into a solution that has a high concretion of sucrose then the potato slice would lose mass as it would lose water from its cells because the water is moving out of the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration of water through a semi- permeable membrane. The cell is hypotonic and the solution is hypertonic.
Joshua Miller 12/18/17 Fermentation Lab report Introduction The term fermentation refers to the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat (wikipedia). Sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol when fermentation happens. In this experiment we determined if yeast cells undergo fermentation when placed in a closed flask with no oxygen. Glucose and yeast are mixed together in a closed flask and allowed to incubate for about one hour.
Biology Design Practical Joshua Edwards What are effects of the volume of a potato and the amount of weight it loses when placed in salt solution? Introduction This design practical uses a potato’s surface area to volume ratio to see what affects it has on osmosis in different concentrations. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a cell membrane into an area of a higher solute concentration. The movement goes the way of the solvent with more solute because the lower solute concentration is drifting through balancing the ratio of solute per solvent (En.wikipedia.org, 2018).
Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.
This experiment is an attempt to investigate the amount of water potential across root storage plant species. The root storage plant species that shall be used are the carrot and the potato and the method that shall be used is known as Chardakov’s method. Water potential is the tendency of water to enter or leave a cell. Water moves from an area or region of low water potential to an area of high water potential. It is important to note that the highest water potential is 0(the water potential of pure water) and the other water potential values are in negative numbers .
Think of it like this, adding salt to the water makes it like an ocean which is easier to float and swim in than just normal/ distilled water. This is because salt makes water denser. When salt water gets denser, the easier it would be for objects to float on it. My hypothesis was correct. The water did go inside the egg, but the ones with least salt increased the most, unless the egg was the smallest and it had enough space to take in a lot of extra water.
