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Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease Research Paper

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s Disease: Neuromuscular Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s Disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative, invariably fatal brain disorder, which is derived from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by prions. Prions occur in a normal state, which are harmless proteins found in the body’s cells, and also in an infectious form that causes disease. Harmless forms of prion proteins have the same sequence of amino acids, but the infectious forms of protein have a different folded shape than normal proteins. Once the abnormal protein prion appears they aggregate together, giving the brain a spongy appearance, characterized by tiny holes. These infectious particles are mainly found on the surface of cells in the central nervous system. These tiny holes can be visually seen …show more content…

(Belay) Although, a neurological evaluation by the doctor, along with standard diagnostic tests that include: spinal tap, electroencephalogram (EEG), computerized tomography of the brain, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help rule out other causes that are associated with CJD. If CJD is indeed the diagnosis of a patient, often a brain biopsy is discouraged, because it will not alter the course of the disease. Nor, is it certain that the biopsy will obtain specimens from the affected area, putting the patient at risk for further complication of an already fatal disease. Biopsy and autopsy procedures of CJD, put those who handle the specimens at a small risk likewise, due to accidental self-inoculation. Scientists are developing a laboratory test for CJD, using cerebrospinal fluid. (National Instituion of Neurololgical disorders and Stroke) This test will detect a protein marker that indicates neuronal degeneration from the cerebrospinal fluid. It will be safer for the patient, as well as, the medical staff, and a better alternative to the brain

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The only way to diagnose it is posthumously. In the three years prior to his death, Junior Seau was having increased mood swings, falling into depression, forgetfulness, insomnia and emotional detachment. Junior Seau's brain showed definitive signs of CTE. Those signs included the presence of an abnormal protein called "tau”. Tau forms neurofibrillary tangles, effectively strangling brain cells.

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Criterion A: she has attacks of dizziness, during these attacks, the room around her would take on a “shimmering” appearance, and she feels like she was floating and unable to keep her balance. Her legs would also become briefly paralyzed. Criterion B: Even though her symptoms are likely of neurological disease, but when demonstrated by specialist that physical signs or symptoms are no longer positive to when tested by Doctors. Criterion C: shore’s internist, a neurologist and an ear-nose-throat specialist could not find anything wrong with her. Criterion D: Her symptoms affect her household works she is not able to make food for her children and husband.

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Even though countless hours of research has been made, there is still no definite answer to tell if a person has CTE in the brain or not, but the way to test it is only through an autopsy of the deceased (Mayo 1). CTE can still be linked between football players, it all depends on the signs and symptoms of both the brain and the actual person. Inside the head the brain is made up of thousands of different components that have each individual functions. Some components, such as short-term memory, consist of brain tissue that houses the neurons that send electrical charges to and from the brain. When CTE is a factor in these components, the brain can 't deliver the electrical charge the components that have CTE in the white matter.

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Villegas Although it was not that long ago that I started doing research, Dr. Villegas has given me the privilege of working in his lab. He is currently conducting research on a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Working with Dr. Villegas has allowed me to learn new scientific methods and facts. Such methods and facts include, but are not limited to, tissue sectioning, electrode implantation, and recording data.

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It is a degenerative brain disease with a strong link to head trauma. CTE is caused by a progressive buildup of the tau protein which

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Concussions In Football Concussions - what are they? How do they happen? Why is it so important to try and prevent them? Concussions are becoming a huge issue in today’s world of football due to the problems that come along with them. When a player suffers a concussion, their brain is brutally shaken and bounced off of the walls of the athlete’s skull.

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is a neurodegenerative disease that can only be spotted after death. Yes that 's right, it cannot be seen or diagnosed until the individual ailed has passed, making this one of the hardest diseases to cure. The cause of this silent killer?

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The spatiotemporal theory’s criteria for identifying holes consider them as the smaller, empty region of space that belongs to the larger entity surrounding it (Wake, Spencer & Fowler, 2007). Since the smaller space enclosed by the larger object’s hole lining is an absence, it does not possess any identifying properties on its own other than its current spatial coordinates. As a result, it is impossible under the assumption that the spatiotemporal theory is true to identify a hole without referring to its location since it is the only distinguishable property it possesses. Consequently, holes should be identified with its distinct location because it is the only property that can be critically

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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy(CTE) is a progressive degenerative brain disease that affects the lives of many who suffer from head trauma of the brain. CTE has been associated with many different diseases within a person 's memory, personality changes, Parkinsonism, along with speech or gait abnormalities. The disease initially was described as “punch-drunk” syndrome. Dr. Harrison Martland made the theory in 1928 as a group of boxers began having multiple symptoms of what is formally known as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

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CTE is defined as a degenerative disease often found in the brains of people and athletes with repetitive head trauma, which cannot be found in a living

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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive, declinatory disease of the brain found in people, often athletes, with a history of repetitive brain trauma, including symptomatic concussions as well as asymptomatic sub concussive blows to the head. CTE spreads over a period of years or decades as a result of trauma to the head. The brain of someone who suffers from CTE gradually will deteriorate and over time lose mass. Symptoms of CTE include loss of memory, impulsive or erratic behavior, impaired judgment, depression, aggression, difficulty with balance, and dementia. Mike Webster, Hall of Famer for the Pittsburg Steelers, was the first football player to be diagnosed with CTE, and died of the disease in 2002.

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It is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. Eventually it can stop you power to perform everyday tasks. It is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. There is only one way to diagnose accurately, and definitely. That is to perform a test, a brain autopsy after a person dies.

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In order to accurately diagnose Kawasaki disease, doctors must use a process of elimination after ruling out similar childhood diseases, such as “Rocky Mountain spotted fever, scarlet fever, and juvenile arthritis,” (-NHLBI). Another problem facing the process of diagnosing is that, “Kawasaki disease cannot be diagnosed by a single test or groups of tests. Doctors make the diagnosis after carefully examining the child, observing the signs and symptoms, and elimination the possibility of other, similar disease,” (American Heart Association). This means that doctors are back at stage one when attempting to diagnose Kawasaki disease, and the absence of a test once again makes the diagnosing process difficult. However, once doctors have ruled out all of the possibilities and diagnosed the sick child with Kawasaki disease, “he or she [the doctor] will likely recommend [an] electrocardiography.

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Mad cow disease is a rare but deadly disease that is obtained by cows from contamination feeding or activation of prions. Once this disease spreads to human, the situation gets about ten times worse. The human version of BSE (Mad cow disease) is called vCJD (variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). This disease destroys the brain and will kill you if you leave it alone. You can get vCJD just by eating beef from a cow that had the disease.

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