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Neurological Bases Of Memory Study

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While there is a long history of the study of memory, across many fields of study, the concept is still ill-defined. To correct this, further inquiry is needed to overcome critical blind spots in scientific understanding of memory. Critical blinds spots in the neurological bases of memory, episodic and semantic memory, as well as working memory will be discussed to better understand the current state of memory and what it truly is.
Early efforts to understand memory began with Plato around 428 to 348 B.C., who thought of memory as a connection between the rational world and the perceptual world (King, Viney, & Woody, 2009). Other ancient philosophers have made contributions to the concept of memory, including Aristotle, who believed that memories …show more content…

This is not the case. One problem with the current understanding of memory, is that the study of memory is limited by advancements in neurophysiology (Radvansky, 2015). While not every aspect of memory is dependent on an understanding of neurophysiology, some certainly are. Computer metaphors have been used by memory theorists to reduce complicated processes, involving neurophysiology and cognition, into easily understandable …show more content…

In this case, the brain and its structures are the hardware of the computer, while cognitive processes are the software (Houghton, 2004). In other words, for a period of time, it was understood that memory theorists did not need to know how the brain worked to be able to create theories about memory. Theories related to encoding, storage, and retrieval of memory are prime examples of this. Generally, encoding is any acquisition of information, storage is the retention of memories, while retrieval is being able to bring the memory back into conscious awareness (Terry, 2009). Evidence of encoding memories, or software, can be seen despite knowledge of the brain structures, or hardware, that are responsible for the encoding. Similarly, it can be made evident that memories have been stored, despite knowledge of the hardware that permits storage, and the same is true of the retrieval of memories. In some ways the computer metaphor provides a simplistic way to understand memory, but it could also serve to limit our understanding of the brain because of the many ways that the brain is different from a computer’s

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The human brain is the most extraordinary thing in the universe but sometimes we create false memories without knowing. The human brain consists of a hundred billion neurons, as many as the entire Milky Way galaxy (“Voytek”). It stores numerous memories from childhood to the present. The majority of us, however,

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I disagree because memorizing facts and important ideas is highly important even though memory has lost its prime power. We usually only speak of and remember the explicit memories that just naturally stick in our brain. The explicit ones are usually feelings, events, facts, and really personal experiences, The author says memory inside our heads is the products of an extraordinary complex natural process. Carr says “the more we use the internet the more we train our brains to be easily distracted and make it hard to concentrate.” I relate to this idea because I am a product of the internet era, we have a growing dependence on the webs information.

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Memory is an important aspect of life as you are able to remember old memories and create new ones as well. In this paper, the focus is primarily on dementia. Declarative memory, procedural memory, and recall are various topics that are used to understand the roles they may play in dementia. Each topic is discussed in a paragraph. In each paragraph I introduce and explain the topic, then provide an example from the movie, The Notebook (Emmerich, Harris, Johnson, Kaplan, & Cassavetes, 2014).

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It is thought that the hippocampus works with the amygdala, which is another important part of the limbic system responsible for fear and for storing memories of events for future recognition. Thus both the hippocampus and the limbic system play essential roles in human memory. Experts believe the hippocampus may work as a gateway through which new memories pass to enter to the permanent long-term memory storage.5 It is generally agreed that the hippocampus also has part of the role of detecting new surroundings, occurrences and stimuli. Some scientists believe it is specifically involved in declarative memory (explicit memory), which is one of the two main types of memory into which long-term memory is divided, and consists of facts, events and performance skills that can be consciously recalled or declared.

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The formation of memory occurs when information is consolidated in the brain, the consolidation in the brain causes physical change in the neurons (Parts of Brain 2015). The brain is a complex organ offering many uses

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Moreover, “a behavioural syndrome results showing not only semantic-memory impairment but also particular difficulty remembering past events as personal happenings” (Tulving, 1989). Lastly, in Endel Tulving’s conclusion to his article he states “traditionally held views about the unity of memory are no longer tenable. A more appropriate view seems to be that of multiple memory systems. Remembering one’s past is a different, perhaps more advanced, achievement of the brain than simply knowing about it” ( Tulving,

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It is speculated that during complex situations experts face two key challenges. The first one involves the constraints put on the memory

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The levels of processing framework was first proposed by Craik and Lockhart in 1972. Prior to Craik and Lockhart’s introduction to an alternative model for memory research, the dominant memory framework was the multistore models. In their paper, Craik and Lockhart outlined the strengths associated with this model as well as some weaknesses. We will focus on the weaknesses, as these will be the points most pertinent to their argument for an alternative framework for memory research, but first, a brief overview of the multistore models will be presented.

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“Adaptive Memory Remembering With a Stone-Age Brain” Summary: This article describes the facts about adaptive memory, relation of memory development with evolution and reasons behind the evolution of the memory. Basically adaptive memory is the investigation of memory systems that have evolved to help hold survival-and fitness-related information, i.e., that are designed for helping an organism improve its conceptive fitness and odds of surviving. One key component of adaptive memory look into is the idea that memory evolved to help survival by better holding information that is fitness-relevant. One of the establishments of this technique for contemplating memory is the moderately minimal adaptive value of a memory system that evolved just

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How reliable are the two models or theories of the cognitive process of memory, “|…|the process of maintaining information over time” (Matlin, 2005) , known as the multistore model (MSM) and the levels of processing model (LOP)? Both of these models have been widely criticized, but simultaneously they have improved our knowledge and understanding of how the process of memory works. In this essay both of these models of memory will be evaluated by presenting the strengths and limitations of each. The first model, the multistore model, was put forward by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) which suggests that the concept of memory involves three stores; the sensory stores, the short-term store (STS), and the long-term store (LTS).

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The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain.

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In this essay, I will be presenting some strengths and limitations of the reliability of one cognitive process, namely memory. Memory is defined as the process of organizing the multitude of information gathered through personal experience. Schema, defined as many networks of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about aspects of the world, can help memory be more accurate, since people tend to remember details more vividly when their schemas are activated. However, each time a person recalls a memory, the memory is reconstructed. This is known as reconstructive memory.

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Memory is the ability of our brain to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences in the brain. According to Schater and Tulving (as cited in 2001), state that memory can be defined by its brain mechanism, the kind of information it processes, and the principle of its operation. Memory is what we remember and the knowledge gives human ability to learn from the past. It is also the process where we adapt the knowledge that we learned and can change our behaviour.

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