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Lev Vygotsky's Cultural-Historical Theory Analysis

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Lev Vygotsky (1986) was a scholar devoted to the study of human mental development. Among the most important Vygotsky’s contributions can be mentioned his cultural-historical theory (CHT) which the main notion is that children learn through adults and peers and the social contexts they are surrounded by (Vygotsky, 1986). For this theory, Vygotsky (1986) analyzed the relationship between words and consciousness. Two other influential Vygotsky’s contributions are the terms inner speech and zone of proximal development. Inner speech takes place during language acquisition. It began as a social medium and then it is internalized by the child (Vygotsky, 1986). The zone of proximal development refers to the gap between what learners can do with help and what they cannot do without help (Vygotsky, 1986). …show more content…

For instance, it has transformed fields such as cultural studies, language and literacy, and linguistics among others (Portes & Salas, 2011). This theory, developed during the 20’ and 30’, is still in use since it has been extended in different directions (Portes & Salas, 2011). Scholars have recently entwined CHT multilingual speakers (Portes & Salas, 2011). Thus, this synthesis paper includes implications for educators to lead multilingual students to academic literacies in the 21st century. Such implications are related to two issues; academic literacies and translanguaging

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He was able to follow instructions given by both parents. For instance, when mom told him he could not go outside unless he had already has his breakfast. The subject did continue to take out his toys to play but he did not insisted to go outside because he knew he needed to follow his mothers commands. According to vgotsky’s theory of zone of proximal development,, he stated that there were four different types of development. It begins when the child is learning about the activity and when the activity is acquired.(vgotsky 's,2016).

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The two critical theories studied this week, new historicism and cultural criticism, share many of the same concepts. Both theories are under the belief that history and culture are complex and that there is no way for us to fully understand these subjects because we are influenced by our subjective beliefs. Also, both theories believe that people are restricted by the limits society sets, and that people and these limits cause friction and struggle. Furthermore, both of these theories share from some of the same influences such as from the French philosopher Michel Foucault. New historicist believe that the writing of history is merely an interpretation, not an absolute fact, other than the big facts we know such as who was president at the time or who won a certain battle.

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Translanguaging pedagogies incorporate every practice that is opposed to the classification of English, alternatively establishing English proficiency using the home language as a scaffold. I see my cooperating teacher doing this with the students in her classroom when explaining certain words or concepts in English. For example, one of the students could not comprehend the word “Saint”, so my cooperating teacher told them the word in Spanish, which is “Santo”, and they were better able to understand the conversation we were having in the classroom. Analytical multilingual consciousness establishes students ' knowledge of the community, legislative, and fiscal conflicts encompassing the use of numerous languages. English educational literacy should be established through a demanding course of study integrated with clear, obvious language education.

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Although the term translanguaging has been coined in the last decade, the language phenomenon that it is based on has been recorded as far back to pre-colonial times. It is based on the natural occurrence within language learners known as code-switching. de la Luz (2012) explains that in monolingual contexts, code-switching is often considered a linguistic deficit. “In bilingual contexts, however, students use both languages to make sense of assignments and as normal practice with little awareness of linguistic shifts; at other times, students purposely shift languages to showcase their billiteracy competence.” Researchers in multilingual European contexts have coined translanguaging and transliteracy as new terms for this type of biliteracy.

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1654 Words | 7 Pages

For further research, the researcher recommends a more in-depth analysis of how different classroom context are constructed. It will help to determine how to cultivate a ‘third space’, For this purposes, Showstack takes Baquedano-López ‘third space’s’ definition which is a space of negotiation of knowledge, positionality, and competing discourses (p. 22). In addition, the researcher suggests to the continual study of linguistic identities of HLL, she proposes a study of how bilingual and bicultural students construct discourses differently in a variety of social contexts outside the

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The Zone of proximal theory explains the teacher’s action during my observation. The teacher helped the child to complete the last stage of the puzzle after the child could not complete the last stage of the puzzle. Vygotsky argued that the zone is constantly changing while Piaget argued that learning is limited by the stage or maturation, but Vygotsky disagreed with this view, he argued that learning is not limited by the stage or maturation. What I have learned from this observation and using this theory to explain my observation is that children thrive in an environment that is predictable and nurturing; therefore, it is important for care givers to be trusting, dependable.

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I agree with and will use Vygotsky belief that language is a way for children to exchange ideas with adults and their peers and that it is vital for cognitive development. Also Vygotsky theory that I found useful is that social activities provide the seeds from which complex cognitive processes can

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775 Words | 4 Pages

According to Vygotsky, the basis for learning lies within social interaction and communication. It is when a child is able to communicate, either verbally or non-verbally, that they understand the world around them through copying and internalizing new concepts. An example of this is what Vygotsky called cooperative or collaborative dialogue, when a “more knowledgeable other” assists the learner with a task. Although it sounds like a relatively basic idea, other psychologists at the time, notably Piaget, placed the source of learning within the person and not related to the people around them. As Orlando Lourenco illustrated in the article “Piaget and Vygotsky: Many resemblances, and a crucial difference,” the key difference between the two leading psychologists of the early twentieth century was the importance of the surroundings of the child.

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Conversely, Vygotsky disputed that the culture in which a person lives also plays a substantial part in cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that a child’s cognitive development was stimulated by the interaction of the child and its social environment (Vygotsky, 1987). Vygotsky also believed that children’s use of speech also influenced their cognitive abilities (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Vygotsky stated that language was the basis for cognitive development, including the ability to remember, solve problems, make decisions and formulate plans (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Studies have shown that children who use speech when met with difficult tasks are more focussed and show better improvement in cognitive performance then those who are less talkative (Behrend et al., 1992).

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This article aims to explore Piaget’s cognitive development theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory. Piaget explicated people fundamentally improve their thinking in stage at distinct periods. In terms of Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory, it is inevitable to investigate the correlation between social interaction and individual cognitive development, the role of cultural tools in mental process, and the zone of proximal development(ZPD). In light of Piaget’s theory, there are four elements proposed to elaborate people gradually endeavor to interpret and interact with the world. To be precise, biological maturation, activity, social experience, and equilibration impinge on the development of thinking (Piaget,1970).

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The questionable and ambiguous nature surrounding the notion that children play an active role in acquiring language has been debated by many theorists of different perspectives. These three perspectives include the learning view, the nativist view and the interactionist view. In this essay I will discuss each perspective with reference to psychological theories and research that relates to each view. The learning perspective of language acquisition suggests that children acquire language through imitation and reinforcement (Skinner, 1957). The ideology behind this view claims that children develop language by repeating utterances that have been praised by their parent, therefore gaining a larger vocabulary and understanding of phrases over

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Crain and Lillo-Martin state that “language is not a concrete set of things out in the world that we can point out to or measure rather; it is something inside our brains and minds”. The LAD in a child’s mind will eventually help the child to make sense of the language that develops through social interactions and experience. The LAD within the child’s brain makes it easy for them to understand the language. This claim is in coherence with Bruner (1957) who claims that, “Children are not little grammarians, motivated to decode the syntax of the language around them through the operation of their LAD, but social beings who acquire language in the service of their needs to communicate with others”. I second this statement because I believe that the acquisition of language is innate but the development of the language is parallel with what the child’ experiences and social interaction with their family, school, society.

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ZPD is zone of the proximal development. Vygotsky divided children’s knowledge into three sections, respectively are what they can do, what they cannot do and ZPD. Here ZPD is the linking between “can do” and “cannot do”. I t means the potential learning area where children and reach with scaffolding of MKO. The significant part of Vygotsky theory is that he consider not only about children’s mental development, but also the external affection on mental function, which Piaget had missed out.

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The Language Culture and Society programme provides us with strong theoretical and interdisciplinary foundation for the study of a range of educational practices across the human lifespan and in a range of theoretical and methodological perspective is brought to bear on studies that explore the nature of literate practices, democracy and civic engagement and participation in social life. The programme focuses on relationships between education school and the dynamics and changing structures of language, culture, and society. It examines connection between broader, social, cultural, linguistic, historical, aesthetic and political factors in education and the local context in which these issues take place. It has long been recognized that language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensible. Language is a social phenomenon.

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Academic English is important to college and university in academic writing course (Jet Writers Essay Writing Contest 2015). It is required students to reading, speaking and listening, while employing evaluating and sharpen their research and writing skills for college and university environment. At the college and university level is the ever-increasing need for students to focus on language and more specifically, the specialized language found both in substance areas and the Academic Language used in teaching that content. Academic Language as the name implies is importance the kind of writing that we are required to do in college and university. It differs from other kinds of writing such as annotated bibliographies, literature reviews,

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