Many sources of error were responsible for recovering a small amount of product. Introduction: The carbon-carbon bond formation is an important tool in organic chemistry to construct the simple as well as an organic compound. There are several
Main side effects Respiratory depression, light headedness, sedation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain. Patient education To take Morphine with meals to avoid abdominal cramps and nausea. To avoid driving and carry heavy machines.
INTRODUCTION Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries as it is very economical and easy to administerIntrathecal α2 agonist when used as adjunct potentiates the effect of local anaesthetics and allows a decrease in required doses.. Different drugs have been used as adjuvants to prolong the duration of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia adrenaline being the first drug used and latest being dexmedetomidine. These adjuvants have their own advantages and limitations. Efforts to find a better adjuvant are underway since long.
Identification of an Unknown Compound using Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis Lauren Tremaglio Chemistry 1011 Lab, Section 16 Instructor: Steven Belina October 3, 2014 Our signatures indicate that this document represents the work completed by our group this semester. Experimental Design and Discussion of Results The objective of this experiment was to identify an unknown compound through quantitative and qualitative analysis. In order to find the identity of the unknown compound, an initial qualitative test for solubility was performed.
Goals The primary goal of this experiment was to identify an unknown compound by running various tests to determine the qualitative solubility, conductivity, and pH value of the compound. Tests were also performed for the presence of specific cations and anions in the compound. The second goal was to discover the reactivity of the unknown compound by reacting it with different types of substances. The third goal of this project was to calculate the quantitative solubility of the unknown compound in water.
Anaesthetist explained to the author that Isoflurane was suitable for Sibert because of his age and healthy status. Furthermore, Smith et al., (1992) also mentioned that Isoflurane is a good anaesthetic agent for adults and causes less cardiovascular effects. Again, Frink et al.,(1992) emphasised that Isoflurane when used on patients with ASA grade 1,the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting is very less even though it causes respiratory
There are also other associated risks such as hemorrhage anesthesia reactions (if
Although nitrous oxide is the currently prevalent anesthetic used today, Chloroform is more effective as an anaesthetic. Chloroform’s rapid effects and great potency is due to it’s property of being well absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated rapidly by the body after oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure.
Tylenol tablets with cyanide in them killed seven people in 1982 (Lerner & Learner, 2007). This was a tragic part of history. In downtown Chicago victims bought cyanide injected tylenol bottles at five stores and 2 more bottles were found at another store (Lerner & Learner,
Drugs can often go by differen't names. The chemical name refers to the chemical structure, and is agreed on by IUPAC. These names are not modified by the company producing the drug. Trade names however are whatever the company wants to call their drugs, where as generic name is the name of the drug in the United States. An example would be Plavix.
Ketamine. Palliative care patients often need a combination of 2-3 opioids to obtain effective analgesia with tolerable side effects (Moryl et al., 2008). Ketamine is considered a front-line treatment for neuropathic pain including cancer pain, central pain, and postherpatic neuralgia phantom pain (Ben-Ari, Lewis, & Davidson, 2007; Fitzgibbon & Viola, 2005). Low-dose ketamine is an effective co-analgesic medication (Fine, 2003; Moryl et al, 2008) and intrathecal ketamine has successfully been used in palliative care (Ben-Ari et al., 2007). A benefit of ketamine is that is does not affect respirations and can be administered via many routes including: IV, subcutaneous, intranasal, intrathecal, epidural, rectal, and transdermal (Prommer, 2012).
Anesthesiology is a field that has made meaningful progress over the course of the last century. Prior to the 1840’s, surgeries were not even attempted unless it was the only option, and most surgeries were limited to amputations of patients’ limbs. At this time, the only substances available to assist with pain management were alcohol, opium, and other botanicals, all of which came with their own set of risks. This all changed in 1846 when a dentist named William T. G. Morton presented his new use for ether to the public. Ether is a clear liquid that when inhaled, can put a patient to sleep for surgery.
They achieve near-ideal operating conditions by producing complete muscular relaxation, maintaining stable intra-operative haemodynamics and the associated sympathetic block. The sympathetic block decreases postoperative pain, vasospasm and edema. Of various local anaesthetics, Bupivacaine is used most frequently, as it has a long duration of action varying from 3 to 8 hours1-4. However there are many limiting factors like delayed onset, patchy or incomplete analgesia, sometimes short duration etc. Various drugs like Neostigmine, Opioids, Hyaluronidase, and Clonidine etc.1-4 have been added to local anaesthetics in order to modify the block in terms of quick onset, good quality, prolonged duration and post-operative analgesia.
DISCUSSION The Main anesthetic goal in Intraocular surgery is the maintenance of a stable intraocular pressure, as the sudden raise in Intraocular pressure during open eye surgery can cause prolapse of iris or lens and vitreous loss leading to permanent loss of vision. Conventional laryngoscopy with general anesthesia is usually practised in paediatric patients coming for Intraocular procedure. This causes sympathetic stimulation with resultant increase in IOP, with associated raise in MAP & HR.
Anesthetics are administered through either inhalation or through injection. Researching the effects of anesthesia is important due to the diversity of each person who must undergo it. Differences in the human body must be considered when medically putting a person to sleep. Finding an anesthesia that accommodates a large portion of the human population is important because each patient deserved the same treatment for any surgical procedure.
