1. How does DNA encode information? DNA is a double-stranded helix composed of a phosphate backbone and deoxyribose, and encodes information by the sequence of its nucleotide bases, which are composed of adenine, thiamine, guanine and cytosine. DNA undergoes transcription, which produces single-stranded mRNA, which uses uracil in place of thiamine. Next step is translation, in which the RNA becomes a protein, which then can act as structural units or enzymes.
The biochemistry is very similar through all organisms with each containing DNA made from adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. First, the DNA is transcribed into mRNA. That specific RNA is then converted into an amino acid sequence by ribosomal RNA. The amino acid code makes up a polymer that ultimately becomes the protein that constructs the organism’s distinctiveness. That is how the given organisms establish their physiognomies.
In this course, we have studied the many characteristics of DNA which include that it is double helix that contains genetic material and it is kept stable by hydrogen bonds. DNA is made up of smaller units called nucleotides. In turn, each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. DNA also include base pairing which is the 'copying' mechanism for DNA. In DNA, bases are the adenine base, which only pairs with a thymine
Today, we know that protein synthesis includes two processes, transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is copied, split, and converted to mRNA. In translation, the mRNA translates the tRNA. The tRNA then goes to get an amino acid. In the book, James Watson described what he thought protein synthesis was
DNA is made up of nucleotides and has a phosphate group, sugar group and nitrogen base. DNA replication first starts off with it being unzipped by helicase and DNA is copied starting at the replication fork. Once the two strands are separated, then DNA polymerase pairs up the bases. DNA replication is part of a bigger system, and it is used primarily in meiosis, which is the creation of sperm
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule found in all forms of life that is passed down from parents to offspring. What makes each DNA unique is the chemical makeup of the molecule sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life.” (BIO). DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate and a base pair. About six million nucleotide base pairs make up DNA in each cell.
Describe the functions and relationship between genes, DNA, Chromosomes, and RNA DNA also known as deoxyribonucleic acid is made up of nucleotide. These nucleotides are arranged along the backbone. It is generally used to make protein. DNA are often called the blueprint of life since it contains all components of a cell. Genes are known as the basic unit of inheritance.
Apparently this method is like the previous one [word-for-word], yet it is not, it is different. In favor of this method of translation, the translator's task is to keep the same category of the word while rendering from the source language into the target one. In other words, a word is translated into a word, a phrase into a phrase, a noun into a noun, and an adjective into an adjective. Furthermore, an idiom has to be translated into an idiom, a metaphor into a metaphor, and a proverb into a proverb. Meaning that, the translator has to replace each word not just by its equivalent in the target language; moreover, that equivalent item should be the same as the source language item relating to its class and category (Ghazala, 1995: 08).
The fourth step is writing the assignment and correcting the mistakes. The last, but not least, is bringing the final draft of my assignment to the reading and writing center and asking somebody to review it. This last step helps me especially for the reading responses for the book Seedfolks since a person who did not read the book has to understand what was all about. Thus, following all that steps helps me in the writing
Such as, Gene delivery and activation, Immune response, disrupting important genes in target cells, and Commercial viability. Gene delivery and activation is when you can deliver a normal gene to a large number of cells in a tissue. Once the gene reaches the correct destination, it must be activated. To make the protein that it is encoded with. It must also stay on, cells can shut down genes that are showing unusual behaviors.
DNA is a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosome. Genomes are the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s
DNA has a massive job of keeping you alive. In essence, a microscopic strand of genes support your entire body and life. There are many smaller jobs protein has to accomplish that combine to accomplish the main job of supporting life. To start, DNA codes for proteins and every protein provide an essential biological function. Also, cells make up tissues, organs, and body systems.
A translator may subject him-/herself either to the original text, with the norms it has realized, or to the norms active in the target culture, or in that section of it which would host the end product. Translation is a complicated task, during which the meaning of the source-language text should be conveyed to the target-language readers. In other words, translation can be defined as encoding the meaning and form in the target language by means of the decoded meaning and form of the source language. Different theorists state various definitions for translation.
CHAPTER I Background and Purpose 1.1. Introduction For a long time, translation has been a controversial issue on whether it can be an instructional tool in language learning classrooms or not. From the beginning of the twentieth century, there has been several arguments against using translation as a language teaching tool. Translation as a language learning activity was considered as being unsuitable within the context of foreign language learning (Brown, 2002).
