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Darwin's Theory Of Hominid

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According to C. Dennet (1995:34) Darwin’s contemporaries’ history has stirred up strong responses fluctuating from vicious convictions to delighted adherence equivalent to spiritual keenness. Darwin’s theory has been mistreated and misused by his friends. It has been pocketed to impart scientific propriety to terrible political and social policies. Even now more than a century after his passing a lot of people still have not come to terms with its mind blogging, effects.
According to Michael. J. Hebe (2006: 3) the suggestion of Darwin that life can be described by natural selection acting on variation has been tremendously acknowledged in educated circles for more than a century, even however the basic mechanisms of life stayed totally secretive …show more content…

The hominids have two characteristics that standout the most. The first characteristic of the hominids is that they are bipedal meaning that they walk on two legs. The second characteristic of the hominid is that their brains. The case of the size of the brain, or the size of the head, increases overtime to allow or enable the enlargement of the brain. The skull begins to have more forehead and a now has more forehead with a curved shape. That makes them to have a less separation between the brain and their faces. The have Big brains that allow them to have for more learned behavior, such as using tools. All hominids are able to walk upright. The spines of hominids differ in size from the upper of the spine to the lowest. The Hominids are lesser at the top and greater at the bottom. The spine of hominids also bends, this helps to support the weight of the body, in an upright position. The femur, which is the thigh bone in hominids, is angled towards the knee, which stabilizes the body in relation to …show more content…

The Gracile australopiths shared several traits with Hominids and humans, and were extensive all through Eastern and Northern Africa around 3.5 million years ago. The earliest evidence of profoundly bipedal hominids can be witnessed at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania. This site has hominid footprints that are remarkably similar to those of modern humans and have been dated to as old as 3.6 million years. The footprints have generally been classified as australopith because that is the only form of prehuman known to have be present in that area at that

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With a larger brain, they were able to make better decisions when it came to searching for food. Around 1.5 million years ago, a new variation of the hominid emerged. They were named Homo erectus and were able to make more sophisticated tools. They were the first hominids to leave Africa and travel to parts of Europe and Asia.

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According to Katie Johnston, (2014) the working poor are “waitresses, department store clerks, and fast-food workers. They clean office bathrooms and airplane cabins, care for the elderly, and serve hors d’oeuvres at high-end fund-raisers. One in five workers in the state, the majority of them over 25, make $12 an hour or less. As employers squeeze costs, these low-wage earners frequently can only get part-time work without benefits, some with irregular schedules that make second jobs and child care arrangements difficult. They have no protections from having hours cut

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We measured the skulls of the fossil hominins: Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Neanderthal. We measured the length, height, width and orbit height of their skulls to calculate the estimated brain size and estimated body mass. Hypothesis 1. For Life History, humans will reproduce earlier than the primates and apes because of their body mass.

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According to Walker-Pacheco (2010) hominins posses various characteristics that separate them from other primates, such as: bipedal locomotion and dental morphology. Most common

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The Strange Case Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde: Charles Darwin’s revolutionary idea of evolution sparked dramatic debate in the scientific and, most especially, religious communities, as well as inspiring a new wave of thought in the minds of the world. There was also plenty of controversy, particularly from the many believers of creationism during the Victorian Age. But by denying creationism with his own theories, Darwin “made room for strictly scientific explanations of all natural phenomena”, and as a result, initiated a “powerful intellectual and spiritual revolution” whose effects last to this day. Its profound impact meant that “nearly every field of social and cultural life was affected by the idea of evolution.” Darwin’s idea of natural

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In order to compare these anatomical differences, especially regarding tooth size and shape of skull, I will be looking into two hominids (and their skulls) in particular—Australopithecus Afarensis and Paranthropus Boisei. Under the category of Gracile Australopithecine, the Australopithecus Afarensis and the skull being used was from Ethiopia during the Pliocene epoch, roughly around 5.3-1.8 million years ago. As for the Paranthropus Boisei—under the category of Robust Australopithecine—this hominid and its skull was retrieved from Tanzania during the Pleistocene epoch, roughly 1.8 million-10,000 years

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A stone hand axe made of pink quartz nicknamed excalibur was found and is believed to be a sort of offering. This site showed that there was consciousness, planning, a human mind of sorts that understood symbolic behavior. Since they did have a cognitive ability what separates us from them. In the article A Natural History of the Human Mind: Tracing Evolutionary Changes in Brain and Cognition it talks about cognitive skills unique to great apes and homosapiens. These categories are self-awareness, gaze-following, physical and numerical cognition, social tolerance, theory of mind, imitation, shared symbols, teaching.

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In “Rethinking Neanderthals,” we learn how these early hominins used tools as a form of communication and culture. In “Human Hybrids,” we learn how the modern human has similar DNA sequences with Neanderthals and Denisovans. In “The Naked Truth,” we learn how modern humans became hairless due to archaic human’s adaptation to their environment and physiology. In class, we have discussed the rise of early hominins and how they differ from each other. We learned about the importance of tool-making, symbolism, bipedalism, and brain

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The skull showed characteristics of both apes and the early ancestors of humans, leading scientists to believe that Eoanthropus dawsoni, was the missing link between apes and modern day humans. The skull was the same as a human skull in many ways, however the cranial volume was much smaller than that of a human. Another major difference which lead to the Eoanthropus dawsoni being labelled a fake

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In contrast, when apes walk bipedal, it is energetically costly, but they compensate by stretching out their arms and leaning their trunk towards the supported side. The gluteal muscles on the supported side are able to balance the trunk by pulling up the unsupported side of the pelvis. Clearly, the pelvic changes helped facilitate efficient bipedalism in modern

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The ape features were a sloping face and an elongated skull. The human like features were canine teeth, middle part of the face, and a spinal cord opening underneath the skull. (5) b. Australopithecus afarensis: There are remains of a 3.2-million-year-old female nicknamed Lucy. She belongs to the Australopithecus afarensis group. Lucy displayed a key human trait; upright walking posture.

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Our feet can also bear more weight which allows our arms and hands to be free because they are not needed for weight bearing (Antón, Potts & Aiello 2014). Our other adaptations include the modification to our rib cage which is more barrel-shaped than that of a chimpanzee or other primate because humans’ centre of gravity is pulled back towards the S-shaped spine. Bipeds have an S-shaped spine instead of the quadrupeds’ C-shaped

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Hominins are no longer dependent on their hands to walk. This could also then reduce their energy consumption as only their legs were used to walk. This could have helped a lot with carrying objects or it did not restrict or limit them to only using their hands while seated. The adaption of bipedalism in hominins could have also happened in order to make it easier for hominins to carry food which would be deemed as an important advantage. Wheeler (1991) points out that a major benefit of bipedalism, in relations to thermoregulatory advantages, was the reduction in direct radiation from the sun.

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Geographically speaking, East Africa’s Great Rift Valley is home to a number of hominins including the Australopithecus. These fossils date back to 8 mya, closing a 4 million year gap, which we previously knew little about. A number of scientist hypothesized on the reasons for a shift to bipedalism. Charles Darwin proposed that the shift to bipedalism was motivated primarily by the desire to hunt.

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Studies show that walking on two legs requires less energy and is therefore more advantageous to the hominid. A study was done to assess the energy level of chimps when walking on a treadmill, on two and four legs. The results displayed that walking on four legs required 75% more energy than walking on two, thus confirming the theory that it is more effective and

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