Victor Rios begins chapter six by describing the way the Latino boys he studied used masculinity as a rehabilitative tool. He describes how the boys are constantly “questioning” each other’s manhood as a way of proving their own masculinity. “The boys’ social relations with one another and with community members were saturated with expressions and discourses of manhood” (pg.125). Rios continues to describe the affects criminalization and its gendered practices has influenced these young boy’s mentality of what it means to be masculine. In chapter six, the author explains that although the boys had easy access to weapons, they rarely used them because of their clear understanding the consequences associated with such violence.
Deontological ethics is normative ethics theory which judges an action based on the rules rather than consequence of actions. The chief good of duty-based ethics as per Kant’s duty ethics is good will, which is most important factor that should be aimed to achieve or to do something that’s morally right. The decision-making factors in Kant’s deontology which determine if an action is morally right or wrong is having a good will, and doing duty for its own sake rather than for a benefit that results from the action. One of the ways decision-making factors can guide to determine morality of an action is to first, determine if motive of action was good or bad since good will is chief good in Kant’s duty ethics, and then determine if action was driven by self-interest or for the sake of duty because another factor requires in Kant’s duty ethics that duty to be done sake of or out respect for the moral law. First, quotes from Kant’s Grounding the Metaphysics of the Morals which supports Kant’s theory is “A good will is not good because of what it effects or accomplishes, nor because of its fitness to attain some proposed end; it is good through willing its willing, i.e. it is good in itself.”
ACE (The Wave) Ben Ross set up an experiment for his students to realize what a society and human psychology can truly become by letting them feel and think by themselves. Ross wanted the students to realize fascism and cruel events happen without them noticing. Ross made the students acknowledge by saying, “You thought you were so special!”
Kantians believe that the rightness or wrongness of an action does not depend on the consequences, but on whether they fulfill a duty. They must act in a way that will produce the greatest overall amount of good in the world. In this view there is no obligation to give money to a homeless person, but it is the right thing to do. Kant’s supreme moral principle is the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is a moral law that is unconditional for all agents because of intrinsic value.
It goes without saying that living at home with your mother when you’re a middle-aged man isn’t always the best thing to do. Brian Peck learned that the hard way when he snapped and decided to do the unthinkable to his mother when she got on his nerves. Allegedly, Peck was in his bedroom listening to music when his mother knocked on the door and asked him to turn it down because she was trying to sleep. Instead of complying, Peck lost his temper and attacked his mother.
For those of you who don't know, Craig Ross holds the position of Vice President of Sales for the e-commerce platform Nexternal. The interview in question was regarding Craig Ross's take on the relationship of brand identity to e-commerce success. And it unearthed a goldmine of great advice. It is very surprising considering that Nexternal has already made waves as one of the best e-commerce platforms available today.
Issues in The Novel: The main issues in the novel (the wave) is shown through Initial situation, conflict, complication, climax, suspense and denouement. These issues can be seen throughout the whole novel/book. An example for each of these issues, Initial situation - is illustrated at the beginning of the novel, when Ben Ross first showed he’s history class the film/documentary. This then causes the history class to ask questions.
In Chapter 6, it is Dill’s last night in Maycomb and he and Jen decide to peek into the Radley’s house. It terrified Scout decided to join them to prove Jem that she is not a girl. The three of them sneak behind the Radley house but they see a shape of a man on the back porch and run. Right after they start to run a shotgun fires behind him. All three of them then ducked under the Radley fence and Jem’s pants got caught.
Ross’s moral theory can be thought of as a compromise between utilitarianism and Kantianiasm. Even though Ross applauds the idea of benevolence in utilitarianism and the importance of justice, he disapproved of maximizing happiness as the main duty and stating that the moral rules were absolute. The basis of Ross’s moral theory lies in the concept of prima facie; the “duty” performed based on the relationship between certain individuals. Ross means that in any situation the individual needs to decide which relationship is most important to them at that time when making decisions. His main argument consists of: 1.
Rossian ethics is a moral belief system falling under the deontology family that allows for certain actions to be deemed right if they abide by the seven prima facie moral principles. These principles are fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, non-maleficence, and self-improvement. Ross also finds justice, pleasure, knowledge, and virtue to be intrinsically good. In other words, these are good in and of themselves and are not reliant on the intentions of the person doing the action. While Ross claims that these are all important factors, it is evident that he finds virtue to be the best and pleasure to be the least.
Kant’s theory as a deontologist revolves around the obligations of rational motivation, good will and ethical principle (Barnett et al. 114). A human being must respect this guideline and act accordingly in order to act morally in response to human duties. An act committed by a human being is only considered as “moral worth” if it was conducted based on free will and fulfilled our human duties (Johnston et al., 2017). The motive behind the action is what determines whether the action is deemed morally worthy or not; it is the motive that holds value and not the consequence generated by the action (Mccormick. Immanuel Kant: Metaphysics).
For example, helping a blind pedestrian crossed the street because you feel pity and sorry is NOT considered a moral action by the ethical theory of duty by Kant. Furthermore, the action of helping a grandmother climb the stairs because you want to impress or show kindness is not seen as moral action. On the other hand, our actions can solely become moral if we do something out of our own sense, the sense of duty because we tell ourselves “we ought to help the elderly….” Kant used duty as a powerful tool but help people make decisions on reasoning. He believes that one must decide through reasoning which is the most important imperative to adhere to, but under no circumstances we should get rid of the idea of duties and make usage of our emotions and feelings as deciding factors in our
Morality is our duty as stated by Kant. Morality/morals are a necessity; we need that duty to keep us going. If we didn’t have a type of duty we wouldn’t have a reason. Considering that reason to be good will, we do for others, but also do for ourselves/ It is our duty to
Deontological ethical theory, is frequently identified with Immanuel Kant, as he believed from his theory of duty, that If something is wrong then it is always wrong. " Deontological ethical theory is an ethical theory that evaluates behavior in terms of adherence to duty or obligation, regardless of consequences" (Mitchell, 2015, p.455).Deontology considers that moral actions are equivalent to abiding by the rules. Basically this assists us in understanding which behaviors are acceptable and which are prohibited. "Deontological theory holds that human beings have a certain duty of action, and doing the right ethical thing means doing our human duty in a given situation" (South University, 2016,week 5).
Deontological Ethical Theories or Duty Theories: According to White (2014), Powers (2005), Schwickert (2005), Gaus (2001b) and Kuniyop (2008), deontological theories are duty-based theories or non-consequentialist theories, which define morality as the fulfilment of moral duties based on obeying moral rules, principles and maxims, regardless of the consequences. Thus, for deontologists the Right has priority over the Good, which means that even if an act will produce the Good, it may not be undertaken, if it is not in agreement with the Right. There are a variety of deontological approaches to morality, but only a few will be discussed: agent-centred theory, patient-centred theory, contractarian theory, Kantian theory, divine command theory and Rossian deontology. Agent-centred Theory: As explained by Alexander and Moore (2012), “according to agent-centred
