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Dbq Chapter 19

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Chapter 19: Describe the impact of the printing press on the protestant reformation.
Johann Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press led to mass production of information that was, for the first time, available to the public. The printing press created a new era of the informed individual with the ability to develop their own opinions. In the 16th century, the Roman Church’s Greedy and Immoral acts began to escalate; This made it clear that there was a need for change. One man, Martin Luther, noticed the offenses made by the church and decided to act by writing the 95 subjects he disagreed on with the church. Thanks to the printing press these ideas and many others of his spread throughout Europe gaining favor by many people. The spread …show more content…

The Jesuit Order encouraged a return to fundamental views of Catholicism which included the strict enforcement of the Bible with unquestioned support by followers. The Jesuits view of God was based on two aspects: the personal experiences with god and unquestioned support of the Church. Mysticism played a significant role in the return of many followers. Five points of meditation were used each focusing on different senses; these five point involved reflection on various aspects of Hell. The view of Hell gave followers a similar innate fear that was common in traditional Catholicism. The second emphasis of the Jesuit order was on devotion to the Church. After the loss of so many members of the Church, establishing a strong commitment was a necessary emphasis for the missionaries attempting to convert the Protestants. Loyola goes as far to say in his Spiritual Exercises, “We must hold fast to the following principle: What seems to me white, I will believe black if the hierarchical Church so defines”(13-15). The development of a stronger view of mysticism and devotion by the Jesuit missionaries brought strength back to the once diminished Roman …show more content…

The development of new ideas about nature led many artists to a different artistic style which focused on the appearance of the natural world. The growing wealth of the middle class during this time led many people to admire the new art being created by artists like Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals. “In still lifes, portraits, landscapes, and scenes of everyday life...Dutch masters practiced the ‘art of describing’”(Fiero 121). The “art of describing” relates closely to the scientific method of focusing heavily on attention to detail and empirical evidence. Portraiture was a type of painting which used the art of describing in the features of its models. The images of the men and women were often not flattering but showed the true nature of the individuals using empirical evidence, unlike the often idealized Italian portraiture (Fiero

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Chapter 9 – Ancient Rome Q1. Engineering and architecture was very important during the time of Ancient Rome. They produced monumental buildings that are impressive to this day. Repetitive structures were built, such as arches and pillars, to create beautiful feats of geometric design. These buildings glorified the state and enriched the lives of Roman citizens.

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The Protestant Reformation had a huge impact in all Europe in the sixteen century, but which ones were the factors that lead to it? It is very important to highlight that the European Christianity was falling into a noticeable corruption of its popes and some other high position members. Robbery, and even warriors were among of some factors that took the Cristian Church to a declining path. One of these examples was the Pope Julius II, which one won the nickname “the warrior pope” because he led armies against people. Furthermore, the church was not the only factor promoting this reformation, some other social changes were occurring with the masses in Europe; many of the peasants were being free especially in the western Europe.

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After all, the printing press affected the Protestant Reformation with the spread of Luther’s ideas and teachings leading to a new religion and

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During the early Modern era to the present, the printing press has made a dramatic effect on the Western society. During the early modern era, the printing press was a cheap and effective way to spread the word of the Bible to anyone that could read, increase knowledge and provide education to the world. The printing press allowed people to create and copy the Bible so anyone can have access to the Bible. Along with the Bible, more books were created such as textbooks for schools, reading books for education or entertainment, research and more. As time continues on, printing press created different ways to spread information around.

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The first reason the Dark Ages were not as dark as the name claims for them to be, is because during the Dark Ages there were tons of advances in education. The information in Doc A that claims “Europe suffered a decline in commerce and manufacturing, in education, in literature and the arts and in almost all that makes possible a high civilization.” is completely biased. And that the Dark Ages “Did not support learning” (Background Information) which is completely untrue. During the Dark Ages, there were still people learning and teaching. One of them being a monk named Richer, who “went to the town of Chartres, in what is today France, to study.”

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Elegant and charming, an 18th-century painting shows a young woman who gazes straight in front of her and holds a basket of fruits on a rural background. However, the model is different from the traditional upper-class portrait painting because she is a black slave woman. 18th-century portrait painting 's goal was to illustrate a human subject for public and private persons, or the inspiration by admiration or affection for the person. It was often necessary to state and record the family as primarily commemorating the rich and powerful historically class in portrait paintings.

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Coming out of the 15th century, the modern nations of the Europe, namely France, England, and Spain, were looking to free themselves of the past powers that dominated them which was mainly the Catholic Church and the German empire. Along with his questioning of institutions of the past, came the invention of the printing press that

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With the use of the printing press, Luther and Calvin’s beliefs were spread ultimately leading to religious, political, and social changes.

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The Influence of Religion The Gutenberg printing press, which printed the very first Bible in 1445, helped spread religion throughout the Holy Roman Empire, and other regions. The spread of the Bible caused perspectives to change regarding religion which led to the rebellion of peasants. It can be argued that religion had nothing to do with the revolt of peasants, however, the different point of views of whether or not peasants should be treated the same caused the peasant uprising in Germany from 1524 to 1525. Religion helped the peasants realize they should not be held as serfs anymore.

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1. The Reformation was a period where men like Martin Luther challenged the teachings and authority of the Roman Catholic Church. However, before the Reformation, the Church had to deal with problems such as the Sack of Rome. In 1527, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, had his own troops come against the city of Rome, take the city over, and imprison Pope Clement VII. While the Church was trying to deal with outer conflicts, there was a problem that was rising from within.

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One of the two main reformers at the time was a Catholic priest named, Desiderius Erasmus who was from Rotterdam Holland and worked to reform the Roman Catholic Church. The other reformer from this time was Martin Luther, who was from Germany. With Luther’s concerns, there was a “practice of selling indulgences and the excessive veneration of saints and their relics, which he considered superstitious” (Stockstad & Cothren, p. 693). With Luther and others emphasizing individual faiths and referred to the Bible as religious authority, this had challenged the pope’s supremacy and made the Protestants want to break away from Rome. The increased literacy and use of the printing press was helpful to the reformers and it even allowed European scholars

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The Jesuits were an important part of the Counter-Reformation, by spreading the word of Catholicism across the world gaining new followers for the Church. According to an article in the Harvard University Press and edited by Anthony Grafton, “Jesuits” The Classical Tradition, Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits and received approval from Pope Paul III by 1540. The group of Jesuits were an organized group of priests and lay brothers who spread the word of God around the world. Along with spreading the written word they also followed the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience. The Jesuits main purpose was to practice and then teach the lessons of God to people who did not know about Christianity, that included Japan, China, Paraguay and North America.

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There is a general consensus that the Renaissance arose in Florence in the 15th century, when Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), as a pioneering artist, invented groundbreaking painting techniques. Scholars have concluded that the development of handling colours and perspective in Tuscan paintings accelerated most between the earliest works of Leonardo and the death of Andrea del Sarto, making Leonardo Da Vinci the apex of the development of Renaissance art in Italy.1 This paper will be primarily concerned with Leonardo’s artistic impact on portraiture, and, more importantly, with the way in which his paintings compare to Flemish paintings formally, technically, and intellectually. The shift in art from the Early Renaissance to the High Renaissance in Northern Europe and Italy did not proceed in a linear, geographical manner but rather radiated in a network across Europe. During this time, various local painters were achieving new heights in their art simultaneously.

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Main Causes of the Reformation There are many reasons why the Reformation occurred and what the main causes were. Many priests were illiterate and did not teach the same values to people that were contained in the Bible. Indulgences were widely disputed because some religious figures deemed them arbitrary and to others it seemed ridiculous that you could pay money and be absolved of sin. Additionally, many people became more skeptical of the church after several popes turned out to be incorrect on matters of faith.

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During the Renaissance was spreading in Europe, in 1450s a German scientist Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, which made him the most influential person of the last thousand years, who put the end of a long evolution in human communication. The most important consequences of the printing press were the expanding knowledge to the world, the spread of religion and the development of science. The invention of printing press expanded the knowledge of the people about the world and the things that happened during the time. Printing press spread the knowledge to the people by maps and geographic images.

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