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Advantages Of Defensive Realists

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Power is the key factor for all Realists. However, there are also some diversities within them about the idea of ‘’why do states want power?’’ Classical realists related this with human nature but structural realists are associated it with international system. Every state should pursue power in order to survive in the anarchy of international system according to structural realists. There are some assumptions between structural realists to get power. One of them is about anarchy of international system which means there is no higher authority above states. Another assumption is about security dilemma which means that a state cannot be sure about the intentions of other states whether they focus on use of force or not. The other assumption …show more content…

Defensive realists usually are in favour of defender side because they claim that the state which tries to maximize its power will be defeated in a series of wars at the end. So, the important thing is to keep its position in balance of power. Moreover, defensive realists claim that conquest is not beneficial because of nationalism. The reason is people who live in conquered places can rebel against conqueror. Defensive realists believe that conquest cause lots of troubles instead of benefits. This structure of international system should lead states to limit their request towards maximization of power. If states accept this principle, there will be no security competition and there will be no great powers and central wars. However, the offensive realists do not share the ideas of defensive realists. They claim that the coalitions which are formed to provide balancing are inefficient. Defensive realists and offensive realists have a common ground in terms of nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons do not provide advantage for offensive purposes because nuclear weapons are disincentives to go into war if their capabilities are equal. Also, both offensive realists and defensive realists agree on nuclear armed states do not go into conventional war because of the threat of nuclear

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His case studies of Germany, France, and Russia, allows for one to clearly see the trend of the continental powers of Europe adopting offensive doctrines. Most importantly, his explanation of the social and bureaucratic roots of the “Cult of the Offensive” clearly demonstrates the drift of the case studies coming to believe that preemptive war was the only option left. Finally, Snyder’s correlation of the “Cult of the Offensive” that enveloped pre-WW1 Europe with Soviet military policy in 1984, shows the practical applications of his theory to be used as a tool in identifying worrying trends in international relations. In a modern context, one could take North Korea as a case study, and see if the roots of the “Cult of the Offensive” that Snyder identified as evidence for his thesis have taken hold of the state. Therefore, his explanation of the root causes of the “Cult of Offensive” and the unstable system it created, shows how it was a contributing cause to World War

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The art of fear is essential in nuclear deterrence. Using the film Dr. Strangelove (Stanley Kubrick, 1964) I will argue that nuclear deterrence is hard to achieve when communication of nuclear capabilities is not well established amongst states. In this paper, I will use the film Dr. Strangelove (1964) to argue how theories such as deterrence theory, realist theory, security dilemma, preventative war, pre-emptive war as well as relative gains and zero sum game led to a failure to achieve nuclear deterrence between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. To make my argument on how more nuclear weapons may hinder deterrence, this essay will proceed as follows; I will firstly discuss the how nuclear deterrence and mutually

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For Mearsheimer, this is the very basis of realistic thinking and in turn equates international order to anarchy. 2. Great powers maintain and continue to acquire militaristic capabilities in order to eradicate the idea of weakness and establish sovereignty over lesser powers. 3. A country can never be sure of another country’s motive hence each party is left

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This fact undoubtedly is a result of the uncertainty which still remains between states regardless of the numerous progressive moves in a liberal direction for the international community such as the establishment of the United Nations (UN) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). In spite of this liberal progression the traditional realist approach still and perhaps will for the foreseeable future remain at the crux of military security regardless of whatever shortcomings. An easy explanation for this is that the very concept of military security is based on realist thought, realist vision, the very instinct to defend, protect and attack if necessary are the fundamentals of military security but also of realism. The world continues to be a dangerous and ruthless place as any traditional realist would agree. The inherent dark side of humanity remains giving optimum reason as to why the strengths of the traditional realist approach to military security outweigh the weaknesses.

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The theory unleashes such dynamic forces that from the time of its inception up till now it has governed the international system of the world however things one day itself fall apart. The Realists mark the State as the locus of different international circles and these sovereign states have vested interests which are always selfish. Realism is a heartless theory, man is not supposed to be selfish in the way exaggerated by the Realist thinker however [he] is a seeker of knowledge and what so ever he stumbles upon, he keeps

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Deterrence Theory A special case of the rational choice theory is the deterrence theory, which emphasizes the costs of legal sanctions (Liska & Messner, 1999). While the rational choice theory was initially applied to the field of economics, and considered all costs, the deterrence theory was initially applied to the field of law and only considered legal costs. Accordingly, as a deterrent for committing crime, increasing the severity of punishment, increasing the certainty of punishment, and increasing the celerity of punishment will all increase the legal costs for committing crime and, consequently, decrease the benefits versus cost ratio. Furthermore, there is a specific deterrence and a general deterrence (Barkan, 2006).

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Realist Perspective of the War: According to realists, the International Political system is anarchical. There is no sovereign entity ruling above the sovereign states in the world. Whilst this anarchy needs not to be chaotic, for various member states of the international

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Constructivism Realism agrees with the theory that says the world is in anarchy (chaos). Constructivism also said that international relations can be established through conflict and cooperation. So here assessed the importance of existing institutions, namely through regulative and constitutive. Each country needs to comply with the decree. If away, then there are various forms of action to be taken such as military, economic supply restrictions and others.

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He argues that due to the absence of a international governing body, states should actively pursue conflict in order to ensure their own survival. He goes on to use economic concepts to describe his viewpoint of the anarchical structure of international politics. He says, “The market arises out of the activities of separate units--persons and firms--whose aims and efforts are directed not toward creating order but rather fulfilling their own internally defined interests by whatever means they can muster”(Waltz, 52). This supports the realist argument that states operate based on self interest and, contrasting with Wendt, do not consider their identities within the international system.

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Question1 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Henry Mintzberg’s prescriptive schools of strategy Design school The process of conception is using the major idea of SWOT which divided into two sides; internal (strength and weakness) and external (opportunity and threat) factors. Social responsibility and Managerial values also play a role in the formulation of the strategy. When the four factors is analyzed, the next step is creation of strategy which is suitable to organization and final stage is implementation follow by that strategy. Advantages: -Separate the step between design strategy and implementation clearly

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It believes that all individuals are born with an increasing desire to own power hardwired inside them. In these circumstances dominant states should do direct high power over their rivals. In the other hand, structural realism does not define the quest for power, instead it is focused on the structure of the international

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The current work is meant to explain the differences and similarities between the most dominant theories in international relations, Realism and Liberalism, both theories have some similarities and differences but much more important and interesting is to discuss and explain what differs and makes similar both theories. Conflicts and wars, Similarities and differences between Realism and Liberalism: Both Liberalism and Realism believes that there is no world government that can prevent countries to go to war on one another. For both theories military power is important and both Realism and Liberalism can understand that countries can use military power to get what they need or want. Also, both theories are conscious that without military

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There have been many incidents in which nuclear weapons were almost launched because of accidents and miscalculations. Many nuclear weapons have been taken apart and scrapped. Some countries got rid of them all together, but many countries still maintain their weapons. Nuclear weapons are bad for the environment Nuclear weapons have the capacity to destroy all complex life forms on Earth and its the only device ever created to do that. If only 0.1% of all nuclear weapon explosive would cause widespread famine and a agricultural collapse.

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The international relations schools of thought known as Realism and Idealism identify specific and similar characteristics of actors in the conceptual development of their theories. While many of these characteristics can be generalized as being synonymous with the two theories, both theories make a separate distinction in what specifically constitutes an actor. In Realism, the term “actor” refers directly and solely to the state: a combination of government, leaders, decision-makers, etc, that act as a unitary entity to promote the interests of the state. Idealists, however, expand on what constitutes an actor to include both the state and people. Not only do the principles of Idealism assert that the state and people should be considered actors, in fact, both they must be viewed as actors.

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