Advantages And Disadvantages Of Protein Cloning

Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism’s genetic material by transferring gene of interest from one organism into another to make new protein or modify the structure and function of an existing protein. Genetic engineering itself referred to various techniques used for modification of organisms through process of reproduction (“Genetic engineering”, 2016). Nicholl (2008) reported the first recombinant DNA molecule were generated at Stanford University in 1972. There are numerous methods in genetic engineering include recombinant DNA technology, microinjection, cloning technique, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis and shotgun. In the cloning technique, plasmid vector is used as a vehicle to transport desired gene

When the bacteria cells are multiply, the inserted gene also multiply along with the bacteria. As a result, the inserted gene is passed from one generation to another and it will result the large amount of desired gene. The purpose of screening transformed cell is to distinguish between cell carry plasmid and cells do not carry plasmid. The transformed cell is spread on the media plate that contain specific antibiotic, such as penicillin. By Campbell's Student Study Guide (2016), the cells that do not have plasmid will not survive because they do not carry gene that coding for antibiotic resistance. The plasmid vector has gene coding for antibiotic resistance. Therefore, only transformed cells containing antibiotic resistant will survive and grow on media plate. Scientist engineered the plasmid in such a way because it easy to select which bacteria carried the plasmid. We only need bacteria that carry the plasmid to increase the quality of the product

Both of them will survive and grow on antibiotic media plate. Therefore, the blue-white screening is used for further selection of host cell carried plasmid contain desired gene. The transformed cells are allowed to grow on media plate containing antibiotic and X-gal, a colourless chromogenic compound. The transformed cells that carried recombinant plasmid will grow in white colour on X-gal plate while non-recombinant plasmid will grow in blue colour. By Richard & Ryan research (2015), the white colonies then isolated for further use according to the purpose of cloning. The blue colour colony that grows on X-gal plate indicates that the plasmid does not contain the desired gene that we need, while, white colony on X-gal indicates that the plasmid contain the desired