Discussion Of Philosophy Chapter 1 Analysis

Philosophy Discussion

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Institutional Affiliation Philosophy Discussion

1. There are certain benefits those who study philosophy receive when they first discover it. According to Shand (2003), those who stop relying on imposed ideas and begin thinking and reasoning about life discover philosophy for themselves. Moreover, the author thinks the fact there are no boundaries to reasoning is the benefit of philosophy and it gives freedom after which nobody wants to be in a mental prison anymore (Shand, 2003, p. 2). As well, studying the science of thought proposes to discover the best human features (Shand, 2003, p. 3). Therefore, discovering philosophy helps to be more judicious and independent.

2. Further, the Socrates’ key

While philosophy may be considered by somebody as a one-piece field of knowledge, in reality, it consists of separate doctrines, sometimes quite different, which make one big whole. One of its groups may be formed of logic, epistemology, and metaphysics; the other one of ethics, philosophy of mind, language and science; the last one consists of separate groups which discuss the metaphysic science from ancient to modern times or philosophy of religion or politics and so on (Shand, 2003, pp. 3-4). The last group examines particular notions which relate to the first two groups, while the first two of them are interconnected and discuss the fundamental things (Shand, 2003, p. 4). Metaphysics touches the essences existing in the world; aesthetics studies the art and its existence; political philosophy is worried about the social organization (Shand, 2003, pp. 4-5). Therefore, philosophy is a mix of a variety of doctrines which can be sorted into three groups and the last of which is based on the first two groups discussing the basis of this

The discussion of the four views on the nature of the universals and particulars should be given further. One of these views is the realism whose famous founder is Plato. He thought the world’s predicates are called forms and considered them as everlasting and not spreading in space. These forms are the instances of the viewable aspects of the universe or particulars. According to this view, the sensible aspects take part in the forms of which they are instances; moreover, they are the prototypes in the meaning forms produce the world and, according to Shand (2003), describes the universe as it actually is (p. 243). Exaggerated realism found by Aristotle, claims there are ecumenic beings which can give certain knowledge for humans. Conceptualism, being in the middle between realism and nominalism, claims the universe is formed of conversational concepts and assertions which can be properly confirmed by actuality. Nominalism, as an extreme view, claims universe does not exist and no assumptions can prove the opposite. Therefore, realism, conceptualism, nominalism and exaggerated realism form the four