The National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR) provides information on disparities that is related with quality of health care and access to health care. The report monitors health care quality and access for many racial and ethnic minority groups and socioeconomic groups and it addresses the opportunities to improve. The 2006 report discovered that disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status still pervade in the American health care system. Although it varies in magnitude by condition and population, but it is observed in almost all aspects of health care, including quality of health care, effectiveness, patient safety, timeliness, and patient centeredness (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2007).
NHDR discovers that across all dimensions of access to care to include facilitators, there are barriers to care and health care utilization. In across various levels and types of care to include preventive care, treatment of acute conditions and management of chronic disease, there are barriers. Across clinical conditions to include cancer, diabetes, end stage renal disease (ESRD), heart disease, HIV disease, mental
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In addition, the Alma-Ata Declaration participants, 30 years ago noted that health for all can contribute to a better quality of life (World Health Organization, 2010). Nevertheless, the conditions in which people grow, live, and age greatly influence how they live and die and all aspect of socioeconomic disadvantage have impact on health. However, the World Health report suggests that dressing inequalities will reduce disparities in health, but it is not achievable, except for a small minority of the population, without a well-functioning health financing system to ensure coverage is impartial and establish dependable means to monitor and evaluate the progress (WHO,