Cyrus Hall Mcormick changed the grain harvesting world when he perfected his invention of the reaping machine. Cyrus Mcormick invented the mechanical reaper in 1831 but continued to perfect it up until 1834 when he got a paten on the machine. The first mechanical reaper was pulled by horses so his invention was a huge step forward. Mcormick’s reaper allowed farmers to harvest up to 10 acres a day, which is a huge upgrade compared to before when farmers could only harvest only two-three acres a day.
There are four main executive styles that police executives employ in the execution of their roles. They include the administrator, the top cop, the politician, and the statesman. All these executive styles are dependent upon the particular external and internal roles and their time allocation for these responsibilities. In the two cases studies, both the new chief executives employ different executive styles in their attempts to reform their police departments. Captain Ed Davis employs the statesman style in running the Lowell Police Department (LPD) while Chief Ken Fortier uses the administrator style in his governance of the Riverside Police Department (RPD) which bear certain similarities and differences.
The other would like the police department to be like the military, even the military style haircuts. The second group is the dominant police culture which dictates unestablished rules and regulations in the police department which consist of the democratic process. This does not sit well with the six minority groups, so they are in constant conflict with one another. This occurs because there is no chain of command to control the department and fix
Since William Westley’s seminal study in the 1950s, reports of a monolithic police culture have focused on the broadly collective attitudes, values, and norms that serve to manage strains created by the nature of police work and the disciplinary practices of police management and supervision (Brown, 1988; Crank, 1998; Drummond, 1976; Fielding, 1988; Kappeler, Sluder & Alpert, 1998; Manning, 1995; McNamara, 1967; Reiner, 1985; Reuss-Ianni, 1983; Rubinstein, 1973; Skolnick, 1994; Sparrow, Moore & Kennedy, 1990; Van Maanen, 1974 (1975?) ; Westley, 1970). A monolithic culture, which strives towards the homogeneity of attitudes, values, and norms associated with a single culture, could be projected to break up because organisational philosophies change (Chan, 1996; Fielding, 1994; Paoline et al.,
These challenges shaped the evolution of police departments, prompting them to adapt, strategize, and reform, constantly reshaping their approach to maintaining the peace. This historical panorama provides an invaluable context for understanding the police departments of today. The twin ideals of authority and service persist, albeit in more complex and plural societies. Today's law enforcement agencies grapple with the same challenges, albeit amplified by technological advances and societal changes.
People who are law enforcement officers or strive to be law enforcement officers need to understand that not everyone in the community are criminals, or “wolves” looking to do harm. A true well rounded professional law enforcement officer should have the capability to be that sheepdog or guardian and when the time is needed, which will happen sometime in his or her career, is willing and capable to turning the warrior mentality on instantly. And once that officer is able to survive that situation, the police officer is going to need to be capable and willing to turn that warrior mentality off, and go back to the sheepdog or guardian
Despite all the progress the criminal justice system has made over the years, there will always be flaws due to humanity. Humans will never be perfect, making this the biggest downfall of any operation involving people. In any given situation, there is a decision made to later have an outcome. Depending on the decision and how the situation is viewed, the outcome may be good or bad.
The past few years have focused on putting law enforcement in the spotlight. With the many cases of shootings leading to racial debates, law enforcement has had the magnifying glass turned on them. Many believe the police are racists who look for any excuse to shoot a minority group. Others just think of the police as “pigs” who are officers only for money. Still others support the police in their actions and firmly believe the officers on duty are only doing their job as they were trained to do.
Plain and simply put, if the community can’t trust law enforcement, then when law enforcement does something that looks even remotely out of line, the community’s perspective of them will get worse. Another thing I learned, was that many people hate all law enforcement because they had one bad encounter with an officer. From an educated perspective it seems unfair and even laughable that this would be the case, but the proof was real. One bad encounter with law enforcement and that person can correlate it to every law enforcement officer they ever encounter again. The strongest answer I found to the negative association with police officers was media manipulation for ratings.
The sociological perspective encourages us to explore societies’ problems from a non-biased perspective. When investigating controversial issues it is quintessential to keep one’s opinion out of the equation. As C. Wright Mills stated in his 1959 essay “The Promise”, “Problems and their solutions don’t just involve individuals; they also have a great deal to do with the social structures in our society” (Leon-Guerrero, 2015). Eliminating personal experiences and self-perception creates an even playing field to determine fact from fiction.
Group think According to Janis, who coined the term; groupthink “occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment” (1972, p. 9) further group think often leads to a decrease in the mental efficacy perception of reality and moral judgement, as personages find themselves in a group system that seeks high cohesion and unanimity which delimits the motivation of the individual to realistically appraise alternate courses of action (Janis, 1972). A common trait of a collective experiencing this phenomenon, is an inclination to take irrational decision making in addition to members of the group being similar in background and further being insulated from external insight. Comparably the singularity of groupthink is present in the film 12 Angry Men, and appears anecdotally, early on the film, present in the expected unanimous vote of ‘guilty,’ that will send the defendant to the electric chair. Invulnerability Literature surrounding the concept of group think is greatly rooted in the writings of Janis.
One Example of groupthink I read about is the "escalation of the Vietnam War”, 1. Summarize what happened (explain the event in your own words). In August 1964, two U.S. destroyers stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam radioed that North Vietnamese forces had fired them upon.
In the United States of America, law enforcement agencies spend their day dealing with crime that are affected within the community. Residents view law enforcement officers for unity, support, and teamwork. Researchers determined that police subculture has many beliefs that exhibited by those in the police department such as behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes that can be considered acceptable in modern society (Police: Police Officer Behavior- Individual Characteristics of Officers, 2016).
According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, departments that serve less than 2,500 people are 84.4% white and departments that serve millions are 53.4% white (as cited in Fifield, 2016). Notably, Over the years, a lack of diversity within law enforcement has become a pertinent issue. Notably, the underrepresentation of minorities within law enforcement influences the relationship between communities and law enforcement by engendering distrust with law enforcement. To say nothing of, underrepresentation of minorities have had many people question whether departments mirror a diverse community. Nevertheless, with that being said, underrepresentation of minorities have generated tension and distrust between communities and law enforcement and many believe that police department need to mirror the race composition within their cities.
Introduction Racial and ethnic concerns have been plaguing the media from rants on social media, to CNN, and even the President of the United States (POTUS) has spoken of racial discrimination in the United States as more than just racial slurs, but instead it’s a deep rooted bias that many Americans preconceive of the many people with whom they interact with. When a person holds on to a negative bias regarding a specific race of individuals or ethnic group, unethical behavior can lead to unwarranted actions and those actions can lead individuals down the wrong path. When it comes to law enforcement personnel, these men and women are like every other person in the world; they are doing a job that many would be unable to perform on an everyday
