The major thesis in this book, are broken down into two components. The first is how we define racism, and the impact that definition has on how we see and understand racism. Dr. Beverly Tatum chooses to use the definition given by “David Wellman that defines racism as a system of advantages based on race” (1470). This definition of racism helps to establish Dr. Tatum’s theories of racial injustice and the advantages either willingly or unwillingly that white privilege plays in our society today. The second major thesis in this book is the significant role that a racial identity has in our society.
This simple nine word quotation from Matshona Dhliwayo summarizes much of what Jane Elliot has spent her entire career trying to get people to understand. Watching the film, The Essential Blue Eyed, gave me an entirely new perspective on racism and in truth, showed how ignorant I had been. Jane Elliot is able to give study participants and viewers a completely new perspective on the social construction of race. According to the University of Minnesota, race refers to a category of people that share physical characteristics such as facial features and skin color (UMN 1).
Through William Julius Wilson’s work, More Than Just Race, a reader is presented with explanations of race from both a structural and cultural standpoint. Wilson begins by explaining a more race-neutral structural issue that American society faces. The issue of advanced technology affects not only African American individuals, but individuals of all races. However, as Wilson points out in his work, this issue is more prominent in the lives of African Americans. As a result of these technologies, new and highly skilled jobs are created.
Scientific reasons for race and how it doesn’t correlate to race is shown in Document 5 that different human species should be divided into four groups based on their alleged characteristics and mark themselves with certain things like paints or garments. The document is trying to explain race and categorization of races through the people’s supposed characteristics and only using four groups, proving the correlation between race and scientific reasoning doesn’t work. Also, in Document 10, it’s explained that the four race categories are all “degenerate” forms to “God’s original creation,” and were classified biologically into different groups who were non-Caucasian. This document also explains that race and scientific reasoning does not correlate because it talks about how other races are “downgraded” versions of white and just split them into groups just by looks using colors, creating these unrealistic races with colors, without taking into account any physical scientific reasoning, proving there’s no correlation between race and scientific reasoning, that it was just led on by social and economic reasons. Lastly, in Document 11’s section, it explains that race doesn’t explain human variation and that us humans have a
1. In the video, it was stated that racial classifications are arbitrary. Please explain how racial classifications are arbitrary. Racial classifications are arbitrary. Many “scientists” in societies have tried to prove that some races were more evolutionarily developed than other races with the use of eugenics, but race is a social construct to categorize people with similar features into the same sub-groups. Humans are all one species, and race is nothing more than expressed phenotypes.
It could also be argued that some aspects of the biological view of race are, to some extent, positive today because, over the years, the way scientists saw race has been altered as a result of what the previous biologic view provoked (Darwinian evolution), which was hatred and discrimination towards those groups of individuals that were different to them. This meant that many experts in the field made statements regarding the wrongness within the Darwin evolution. One of these experts was R.L Hotz, who admitted that there was only a single type of race, which was the human race and that it couldn’t be opposed biologically (Hotz, 1997). This, in other words, means that the way race was seen and the way it is now seen by some biologists has
The beginning of the book highlights the importance of race. Race was invented and assigned to individuals solely on their outward appearance. Most Americans unconsciously accept race as a product of Mother Nature. In reality, it has nothing to do with your genetics.
Certain studies have shown a damaging correlation between racial groups and health problems, such as high blood pressure in African-Americans or low birth weight for Arab newborns after 9/11 (Gravlee, 52). These indications are imperative to understanding how race affects biology because both are impacted by societal, cultural, and environmental factors. The author also recognizes the impact that anthropologists had on past ideology, such as eugenics (Gravlee, 48), and how it has shaped racialized thinking in the modern world. Gravlee argues that skin color is a major factor in social processes (Gravlee, 52) and ultimately, it contributes to the cycle of inequality and unseen health problems in minorities (Gravlee, 48). In response to the pre-existing notions in both pop culture and academia, the author unifies both statements and states that race manifests itself in the person’s biology (Gravlee,
Race today is still as “typological” as it ever was. The second reason is that because variation in humans is something that is constantly happening and exists differently in different places, it is not easy to distinguish the separation
According to the film race is a biological "myth" and as outdated as belief that the sun revolved around the earth. Race is a concept that was invented to categorize the perceived biological, social, and cultural differences between human groups. Based on modern genetic science that can decode the genetic puzzle of DNA there is no significant genetic or biological differences between the races. Race is an artificial construct imposed by the ruling classes to justify first slavery and then segregation. One of the main findings concerning the genetic make-up of the students in the course was that skin color really is only skin deep.
The Effects of Racial Identity and Colorism on the African American Community It was recently heard from one of Barry University’s biology professors that all human beings are about 99 percent alike on the genetic level. However, there is so much division between the same humans in the world today. How could this occur between individuals who are essentially the same in regards to DNA? The answer can be found in one’s consideration of personal identity.
Among anthropologists it has become increasingly clear that the concept of race having a biological basis is fundamentally flawed. There a number of flaws with this concept of race. One issue is that features attributed to race, such as skin color, very across the globe in a clinal fashion rather than in uniform groups. Another issue is that there is more in-group variation within races than there is variation between races. Finally, human variation is non-concordant.
Sociologist that focus on aspects of race agree that it is a slippery slope. It begins with defining race as a social construction. One of the first ways this begins is through the view that race is a myth. It is argued that if race is indeed a myth, that makes it a social construction. Our textbook defines social construction as, "an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance with the widely agreed-upon formal rules or informal norms of behavior associated with that entity," (Conley A-11).
Throughout history social scientists have been trying to examine the different parameters of race in terms of phenotypic characteristics, and cultural behaviors regarding the different groups that society construct’s. legally judges have had different rulings regarding the categorization of different ethnicities and groups within the United States. Many philosophers such as Kwame Appiah, and Scientists such as Dr. James Watson have had opposing arguments on the topic of race and whether it exists or not. In order to do so we need to examine the different definitions of race, and analyze them in order to see how race is a social construct, where people’s notions of race and their interactions with different races determine the way they perceive
Race, nationality and ethnicity Race and ethnicity are seen as form of an individual’s cultural identity. Researchers have linked the concept of “race” to the discourses of social Darwinism that in essence is a categorization of “types” of people, grouping them by biological and physical characteristics, most common one being skin pigmentation. Grouping people based on their physical traits has lead in time to the phenomenon of “racialization” (or race formation), as people began to see race as more of a social construct and not a result or a category of biology.
