There was no indication of phenotypic differences between male and female mutant flies ,illustrating that the mutation was not sex linked because both mutant sexes possessed the same eye mutation. Male flies in both wild type and mutant flies consisted of the sex combs in the front of the legs, and dark coloration located at the end of the abdomen. Both classes of female flies possessed a tiger- striped abdomen and a tag-like tip at the end of the abdomen. After confirmation of our eye mutation we can assume that our mutation can be due to either genes rosy, garnet, brown, purple, and sepia because these are genes that affect the pigmentation color of the Drosophila melanogaster. Our mutation may be caused by the transportation of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase to the rosy gene which causes a deficiency in the pigmentation
Introduction: The objective of this lab was to study the trait of aldehyde oxidase (AO) in fruit flies. Aldehyde oxidase is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of many aldehydes. The aldox gene controls the amount of AO activity in Drosophila melanogaster. In the first part of the lab, an enzyme spot test will be performed on two different vials of Drosophila to exhibit the AO activity of both vial 1A and 1B. A positive test for AO test will present a blue color, while a negative test will present no reaction.
5. How do the processes of meiosis and fertilization produce genetic variety? During the meiosis stage of crossing over, the maternal and paternal homologous chromosome segments are being exchanged. During independent assortment, different genes independently separate from one another.
This experiment was conducted to determine whether or not Callosobruchus maculatus, or bean beetles, had a bean color preference for oviposition choice. Oviposition is the process of a female insect laying her eyes on plant parts and other materials, which can be influenced by many factors. The bean beetle eggs are opaque and clear, which allowed us to test the hypothesis that C. maculatus prefer the darker red Adzuki beans over the white Black-eyed peas for oviposition choice. Two different colored bean types were used, the red Adzuki beans and the white Black-eyed peas. We placed three female and two male bean beetles in each petri dish, with 55 of each bean type randomly placed in the dish, for a week.
After leaving out the pheromone fly trap for about a week for fruit flies to come and eat the methyl eugenol, the traps were then collected and the number of fruits flies were counted. When comparing the original methyl eugenol (own group) and the eugenol control, the null hypothesis was that there is no significance or correlation between the amount of fruit flies collected with different amounts of methyl eugenol used in comparison to the eugenol control, which contained no methyl eugenol. The original group was group 2 with 0.5 mg of methyl eugenol added to the fly trap (located 2nd closest to the building) while the control group contained 50.0 mg of eugenol. To determine the significance between the original group and the eugenol control,
The bottom of the adult culture vial was tapped gently to settle the flies, while another culture vial is placed on top of the vial to catch the flies when they fly out. The two vials were then re capped to prevent the flies from escaping. A felt wand dipped in fly nap (an anesthesia capable of putting the flies to sleep for 45-60 minutes) is then gently inserted into the anesthetization vial to put the flies to sleep. When the flies appeared asleep, the sex determining features and phenotypes of parent 1, parent 2 were observed. Anesthetization and mating of F1 generation
In this experiment Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) were used. To begin with the lab, four virgin females with mutant genotype for yellow body color, crossveinless, and forked bodies were mated with genotype (y cv v f / y cv v f). Then these females were crossed with six males with all wild-type genotypes, which can be abbreviated as (+ + + / Y). During the first week of experiment the flies were anesthetized and viewed under dissecting microscope. Then the flies with above characteristics were chosen.
Reciprocal cross is referred to females possessing the dominant allele that are mated with males possessing the recessive allele and females possessing the recessive allele that are mated with males possessing the dominant allele. We first had to isolate virgin fruit flies from the existing fly populations and then perform a reciprocal cross of the two populations. The reciprocal cross consisted of cross A- male's (+) wild type and females (wmf) mutant type. Cross B consisted of males (wmf) mutant type and females (+) wild-type.
The table above, note that the phenotypic ratio of monohybrid is 3:1, but the genotype for the generation is 1:2:1. Table 1.2 Quantitative and qualitative data of second Drosophila melanogaster. After approximately three weeks, a total of 62 fruit flies were obtained for the second generation. There were 16 males that expressed the recessive allele (w) and 14 that expressed the wild type (+).
The expected results of these crosses if the genes assort independently, are that all the offspring from the P generation would have wild-type allele with red eyes, long wings and dark bodies, the flies would be heterozygous for each allele. If the genes were sex-linked and have females in P-generation, the traits in F1 generation in males would be wild-type. In the reciprocal cross, males would exhibit phenotypes of female if it is mutant phenotypes because only female would inherited her X chromosome to the male in new generation. The adults from the P generation were removed before the F1 generation developed from
Hypothesis IF white eyes are an autosomal dominant trait AND we cross male flies with autosomal recessive sepia eyes with female flies with white eyes THEN the second generation (F2) offspring will all have white eyes. This hypothesis assumes that both white and sepia eyes are an autosomal gene and that there will be no other genes present that will affect the eye color. The hypothesis predicts that the F1 generation will have only the white eye phenotype, but will be carriers for sepia eyes. With each new generation, the variety of eye color should increase. Graph/Table of Results
A Demonstration of Chemotaxis Between Flies and Various Substances (Sugar vs Bacteria) Abstract: The purpose of this lab based on the Drosophila melanogaster (the common fruit fly) reactions. Since the fly has been studied and observed for many years, and known for its unique chemotactic attractions to different stimuli, it was an ideal organism for the study being conducted. In the experiment the purpose was to be able to figure out whether the flies would be more attracted to sugar or bacteria.
Title: Is Pied Flycatcher mobbing cooperation due to kin selection, reciprocal altruism, or by-product mutualism? Author: Regan Permito Overview: Understanding the complexity of individual and group organismal interactions has presented challenges for scientists since the study of organismal biology began. The theory of evolution employed by natural selection opened up a whole new world when it came to understanding why organisms act as they do.
The model organism used in the O’Sullivan lab: The O’Sullivan lab has opted to use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in order to model HSP. A model organism in which there is a very well conserved homologue to ARL6IP1, CG101026 (Fowler and O’Sullivan 2016). The fruit fly has a number of advantages associated with it as a model organism as for one Drosophila melanogaster has a short life cycle, a rapid generation time and produce a large number of offspring meaning experiments can be performed quite quickly and fly stocks can be maintained inexpensively and easily. In regards to studying neurodegenerative disease specifically, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster possesses a well-established nervous system and although an invertebrate species, possess a ventral nerve cord, which is analogous to the spinal cord with motor neurons that connect from the ventral nerve cord and synapse onto muscles at the neuromuscular junction.
This is related to evolution, which changes the genotype
